Protective Effects of Fullerene C₆₀ Nanoparticles and Virgin Olive Oil against Genotoxicity Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Rats

Abstract

The potential effects of the fullerene C60 nanoparticle (C60) as well as virgin olive oil (VOO) against the cyclophosphamide- (CP-) induced cytotoxic and mutagenic effects were evaluated by two main methods: molecular intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) assay and cytogenetic biomarkers. Thirty adult male rats were divided to five groups (control, CP, C60, CP + C60, and CP + VOO). CP was i.p. injected with a single dose of 200 mg/kg; C60 and VOO were given orally (4 mg/kg dissolved in VOO and 1 ml, resp.) in alternative days for 20 days. The ISSR analysis revealed an increased in the DNA fragmentation level for liver and heart tissues represented by 21.2% and 32.6%, respectively, in the CP group. The DNA polymorphism levels were modulated and improved in CP + C60 (8.9% and 12%) and CP + VOO (9.8% and 12.7%) for hepatic and cardiac tissues, respectively. The bone marrow cytogenetic analysis revealed that C60 and VOO had significantly decreased the frequency of CP-induced chromosomal aberrations (chromosomal ring, deletion, dicentric chromosome, fragmentation, and polyploidy). Fullerene C60 and VOO have ability to reduce DNA damage and decrease chromosomal aberrations. In conclusion, fullerene C60 and VOO have protective effects against the CP-induced mutagenicity and genotoxicity. Fullerene C60 and VOO open an interesting field concerning their potential antigenotoxic agents against deleterious side effects of chemotherapeutics.

Water-soluble pristine C60 fullerene attenuates acetaminophen-induced liver injury

“…Some studies demonstrated the genotoxic and prooxidative effect of C 60 realized in a dose-dependent manner, 41,42 whereas another ones – at least no prooxidative and rather antioxidant effects. 43 Thus, the possible effect of lower dose of C 60 deserves to be investigated. Furthermore, all mentioned works described the impact of C 60 under acute liver pathology.…”

Algal Oil Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation Induced by Antibiotics Associated with the Modulation of the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome

“…In our study, CS did not induce distinct colitis but caused mucosa injury, whereas supplementation with algal oil was found to relieve the colonic injury based on the macroscopic image. This effect was also found in the studies using algal oil to alleviated the colitis induced by DSS or cyclophosphamide . Besides, antibiotic-caused dysregulation of the immune function would lead to the disproportionate release of cytokines and inflammatory progress associated with intestinal mucosa .…”

“…This effect was also found in the studies using algal oil to alleviated the colitis induced by DSS or cyclophosphamide. 23 Besides, antibiotic-caused dysregulation of the immune function would lead to the disproportionate release of cytokines and inflammatory progress associated with intestinal mucosa. 24 Higher levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, were present in the mice consuming CS without algal oil.…”

Diosmin Mitigates Cyclophosphamide Induced Premature Ovarian Insufficiency in Rat Model

“…Cyclophosphamide is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used in the treatment of variable types of cancer [ 8 ]. It is a highly effective agent, used alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutics, despite its hepatic [ 9 ], renal [ 10 ], nervous [ 11 ], and cytotoxic side effects [ 12 ]. With the current increasing incidence of cancer among young women, chemotherapy-induced gonadotoxicity becomes a persisting cause of POI.…”