Protective effects of dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on organophosphate poisoning

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to study the possible preventive effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a dietary omega-3 fatty acid, on toxicity caused by chlorpyrifos (CPF). Six groups of Sprague Dawley rats (200-250 g) consisting of equal numbers of males and females (n = 8) were assigned to study. The rats were orally given for 5 days. The control group was administered pure olive oil, which was the vehicle for CPF. The CPF challenge groups were administered oral physiological saline, pure olive oil, or DHA (50, 100 and 400 mg/kg dosages) for 5 days. The animals were weighed on the sixth day and then administered CPF (279 mg/kg, subcutaneously). The rats were weighed again 24 h following CPF administration. The body temperatures and locomotor activities of the rats were also measured. Blood samples, brain and liver tissues were collected for biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. A comparison with the control group demonstrated that CPF administration increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in blood, brain and liver, while it reduced catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) concentrations ( p < 0.05-0.001). Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) increased only in the brain ( p < 0.001). DHA reduced these changes in MDA and AOPP values ( p < 0.05-0.001), while it increased CAT, SOD and GPx concentrations ( p < 0.05-0.001). Similarly, DHA prevented the decreases in body weight, body temperature and locomotor activities caused by CPF at 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg dosages ( p < 0.05-0.001). Similar to the physiological and biochemical changes, the histopathological damage scores, which increased with CPF ( p < 0.05-0.01), decreased at all three dosages of DHA ( p < 0.05-0.01). Our findings suggest that DHA, by supporting the antioxidant mechanism, reduces toxicity caused by CPF.

The Potential Protective Effect of Sesame Oil and Canola Oil on Rats Exposed to Malathion

“…The present study showed that malathion induced oxidative stress which confirmed by the increase of serum MDA level and the decrease of CAT level. These findings are generally in agreement with previous experimental investigations on animals exposed to malathion and other pesticides (Avci et al, 2018;Selmi et al, 2018;Uchendu et al, 2018;Aboubakr et al, 2019;Jalili et al, 2019;Khalifa Alkhalf, 2019). MDA is an end product of lipid peroxidation, and therefore increased concentrations indicate an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration and resulting oxidative damage.…”

Metabolomic and Transcript Analysis Revealed a Sex-Specific Effect of Glyphosate in Zebrafish Liver

“…Exposure to GLY resulted in increased DHA in female fish, potentially impacting fatty acid metabolism. There is evidence that DHA reduces inflammatory and oxidative stress response [ 24 ] and liver fibrosis [ 25 ] in rats treated with the organophosphate chlorpyrifos or carbon tetrachloride, respectively. The enhancement of DHA and cat production in the liver of females exposed to GLY could be a possible mechanism to counteract GLY-induced hepatotoxicity and inflammation mediated by lifaf , cxcl8b.1 and interleukins.…”

Red Beetroot Extract Abrogates Chlorpyrifos-Induced Cortical Damage in Rats

“…This increase has been attributed to the overexpression of iNOS which potentiates the synthesis of NO in the brain tissue [44]. A decrease in GSH content and inhibition of GPx, GR, SOD, and CAT activities have been recorded in different models following CPF intoxication [7,45]. The antioxidant enzymes protect the cell against different free radicals generated, following the exposure to chemicals and environmental toxicants.…”