Protective effects of D,L-carnitine against arrhythmias induced by lysophosphatidylcholine or reperfusion

Acute effects of energy drinks in medical students

“…The mechanism suggested is the augmented sympathetic activity because of the action of high insulin levels [71]. L-carnitine exhibits antiarrhythmic properties by enhancing mitochondrial processes [72,73]. Notably, the doses employed in these studies are variable, which is an important factor to consider in comparisons of these results.…”

The mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier: Function, structure and physiopathology

“…Since the C10 fatty acids mitochondrial transport depends on carnitine (Chalmers et al, 1997) and some MCT oil formulas contain high percentage of C10 fatty acids, low C10 fatty acid formulas should be preferred (Iacobazzi et al, 2004a;Rubio-Gozalbo et al, 2004). Use of carnitine is controversial; on one hand it exerts a protective effect of arrhythmias (Davini et al, 1992;Duan and Moffat, 1991) and on the other hand it causes an increase of acylcarnitines, responsible of arrhythmias. This discrepancy could be explained by the fact that in onset of cardiac problems are involved not only long chain acylcarnitines, but also increasing toxic lipid derivatives and free fatty acids.…”

Ethanol delays and reverses lysophosphatidylcholine-induced calcium overload in neonatal rat heart cells

“…The effect may be due to countering the effect of LPC on membranes, changing the physical state of LPC, or decreasing Ca 2+ delivery into the cytoplasm. Given that LPC is produced by the heart during ischemia [32], that LPC can induce arrhythmias [8], and that ethanol can reduce ischemia-induced electrocardiogram changes and fibrillation [12], it is conceivable that the interaction of ethanol with LPC may play a role in acute cardiac protection.…”