Protective Effects of Carvacrol against Oxidative Stress Induced by Chronic Stress in Rat’s Brain, Liver, and Kidney

Abstract

Restraint stress may be associated with elevated free radicals, and thus, chronic exposure to oxidative stress may cause tissue damage. Several studies have reported that carvacrol (CAR) has a protective effect against oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of CAR on restraint stress induced oxidative stress damage in the brain, liver, and kidney. For chronic restraint stress, rats were kept in the restrainers for 6 h every day, for 21 consecutive days. The animals received systemic administrations of CAR daily for 21 days. To evaluate the changes of the oxidative stress parameters following restraint stress, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in the brain, liver, and kidney. In the stressed animals that received vehicle, the MDA level was significantly higher (P < 0.001) and the levels of GSH and antioxidant enzymes were significantly lower than the nonstressed animals (P < 0.001). CAR ameliorated the changes in the stressed animals as compared with the control group (P < 0.001). This study indicates that CAR can prevent restraint stress induced oxidative damage.

Effects of Carvacrol, Thymol and essential oils containing such monoterpenes on wound healing: a systematic review

“…However, in chronic conditions, the redox balance needs to be improved . In this sense, compounds as carvacrol and thymol, which present a pronounced antioxidant effect, can contribute with the redox balance since they activate antioxidant systems, as GPX, CAT and SOD; reduce iNOS; modulate reactive species; and decrease the damage promoted by them …”

“…[66] However, in chronic conditions, the redox balance needs to be improved. [66,67] In this sense, compounds as carvacrol and thymol, which present a pronounced antioxidant effect, can contribute with the redox balance since they activate antioxidant systems, as GPX, CAT and SOD [68,69] ; reduce iNOS [64,70] ; modulate reactive species; and decrease the damage promoted by them. [40,71] Histological analyses showed that the monoterpenes acted in all the cicatricial phases, similar to the parameters previously mentioned.…”

Chemical composition, acute and sub-acute toxicity of Satureja khuzestanica essential oil in mice

“…Clinical chemistry parameters in mice sera (Mean±SD). reported that carvacrol be able to hold back repeated stressinduced oxidative injure in the brain, liver, and kidneys so that it might be measured as a new pharmacological drug to decrease chronic stress-induced oxidative damage (27). Thus, it should be suggested that SKEO may protect the constructional entirety of the liver and kidney by carvacrol as the main component of essential oil.…”

An Overview on Renoprotective Effects of Thymoquinone

“…The other components are tannins, resin, saponin, carotene, glucosides, and sterols [3]. One of the major components of the essential oil is thymoquinone (TQ) [4, 5]. Based on the use of N. sativa in traditional medicine as a natural treatment for some diseases, researchers have investigated its protective effects against asthma [6], hypertension [7], diabetes [8], and inflammation [9].…”

“…One of the major components of the essential oil is thymoquinone (TQ) [4, 5]. Based on the use of N. sativa in traditional medicine as a natural treatment for some diseases, researchers have investigated its protective effects against asthma [6], hypertension [7], diabetes [8], and inflammation [9]. In addition, TQ is known to have antioxidant [10], analgesic, antipyretic [11], antischistosomal [12], antifungal [13], antibacterial [14], anticancer [15], anticonvulsant [16], hepatoprotective [17], and neuroprotective activities [18].…”