Protective effects of Ankaferd blood stopper on aspirin-induced oxidative mucosal damage in a rat model of gastric injury

Abstract

The exposure of gastric mucosa to damaging factors, such as ethanol and some therapeutic drugs, produces pathological changes: inflammatory process, hemorrhagic erosions and even acute ulcers. Ankaferd blood stopper (ABS) comprises a standardized mixture of five different plant extracts. The purpose of our present investigations is to explain the participation of reactive oxygen species in acute gastric mucosal damage by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and the effects of new hemostatic agent ABS. Experiments were carried out on 23 male Wistar rats. To assess gastric mucosal damage, biochemical and histopathological data were used. The colorimetric assays were used to determine the malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The level of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, the level of nitric oxide (NO) and the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. We demonstrated that the biological effects of ROS were estimated by measuring the tissue and plasma levels of MDA, the products of lipid peroxidation, as well as the activity of SOD and the scavenger of ROS produced by ASA in the experiment group. Moreover, it was found that MPO activity as well as NO and TNF-α levels also demonstrated significant improvement by ABS treatment. The pathogenesis of experimental ASA-induced mucosal damage in rat stomach includes the generation of ROS that seems to play an important role, due to the generation of lipid peroxides, accompanied by the impairment of antioxidative enzyme activity of cells. ABS appeared to attenuate the oxidative and inflammatory changes caused by ASA-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats.

Gastroprotective Effect of Punicalagin against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer: The Possible Underlying Mechanisms

“…These findings are in consistent with previous reports [4,25,26]. Meanwhile, inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IFNγ stimulate neutrophils and macrophages infiltration [27,28] as well TNF-α restrains gastric microcirculation around ulcerated mucosa and delays its healing [29].…”

Anti-inflammatory efficiency of Ankaferd blood stopper in experimental distal colitis model

“…ABS has many cellular effects[916] and has been shown to affect renal tubular apoptosis based on the level of hemorrhage. [9] The finding of ABS-induced thrombin receptor down-regulation gives an additional clue on the possible mechanism of ABS associated apoptosis modulation at the tissue level.…”

“…[9] The finding of ABS-induced thrombin receptor down-regulation gives an additional clue on the possible mechanism of ABS associated apoptosis modulation at the tissue level. [17] Preliminary findings focusing on in vitro anti-neoplastic effects[18] of ABS also prompt to begin for searching the ABS effects at the cellular level in health and in neoplastic diseases.…”

“…In this study, Hasgul et al ., has showed that MPO activity, nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly decreased by ABS treatment in rats with gastric mucosal injury. [9]…”

New Endoscopic Technologies and Procedural Advances for Endoscopic Hemostasis

“…The exact composition of ABS has been reported 47 ; 100 mL of the product contains a standardized mixture of plants, namely 5 mg Thymus vulgaris dried leaf extract, 9 mg Glycyrrhiza glabra dried leaf extract, 8 mg Vitis vinifera dried leaf extract, 7 mg Alpinia officinarum dried leaf extract, and 6 mg Urtica dioica dried root extract. Despite various studies that applied ABS in in vitro 48 and in vivo models, 49,50 its exact mechanism of action remains incompletely understood. Multiple articles (>35 publications), all by Turkish teams, have reported on the hemostatic efficiency of ABS for UGIH of various origins: ulcers, 51-54 tumors, 55,56 and variceal bleeding.…”