Protective Effects and Molecular Signaling of n-3 Fatty Acids on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Retinal Diseases

Suzumura, Ayana; Terao, Ryo; Kaneko, Hiroki

doi:10.3390/antiox9100920

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 234 publications

(257 reference statements)

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“…Specifically, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6) and adrenic acid (22:4n-6) are the most abundant fatty acid in the retina [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Their physiological function include critical protective effects against different retinal diseases such as retinopathy of prematurity, age-related macular degeneration or DR [ 28 ]. For example, NPD1, a docosatriene derivative from docosahexaenoic acid, protects retinal epithelial cells from oxidative stress thanks to its anti-apoptotic effects [ 29 ], or their metabolism alteration by peroxisome dysfunction induces retinal defects [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Lipid Peroxidation by UPLC-MS/MS and Retinoprotective Effects of the Natural Polyphenol Pterostilbene

Torres-Cuevas¹,

Millán²,

Asensi

et al. 2021

Antioxidants

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The loss of redox homeostasis induced by hyperglycemia is an early sign and key factor in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Due to the high level of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, diabetic retina is highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation, source of pathophysiological alterations in diabetic retinopathy. Previous studies have shown that pterostilbene, a natural antioxidant polyphenol, is an effective therapy against diabetic retinopathy development, although its protective effects on lipid peroxidation are not well known. Plasma, urine and retinas from diabetic rabbits, control and diabetic rabbits treated daily with pterostilbene were analyzed. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated through the determination of derivatives from arachidonic, adrenic and docosahexaenoic acids by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Diabetes increased lipid peroxidation in retina, plasma and urine samples and pterostilbene treatment restored control values, showing its ability to prevent early and main alterations in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Through our study, we are able to propose the use of a derivative of adrenic acid, 17(RS)-10-epi-SC-Δ15-11-dihomo-IsoF, for the first time, as a suitable biomarker of diabetic retinopathy in plasmas or urine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Lipid Peroxidation by UPLC-MS/MS and Retinoprotective Effects of the Natural Polyphenol Pterostilbene

Torres-Cuevas¹,

Millán²,

Asensi

et al. 2021

Antioxidants

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“…Hyperglycemia triggers various pathological alterations such as oxidative stress, inflammation, angiogenesis, increase of apoptosis of endothelial cells and neurons, and injury to the retinal blood capillaries [ 67 ]. Thus, with the previously described effects of omega-3 fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid (anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative or anti-angiogenic proprieties among others) on such disorders, they are of immense interest in preventing DR [ 68 ].…”

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries

Remize¹,

Brunel²,

Silva³

et al. 2021

Marine Drugs

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N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), and especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential compounds for human health. They have been proven to act positively on a panel of diseases and have interesting anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer properties. For these reasons, they are receiving more and more attention in recent years, especially future food or feed development. EPA and DHA come mainly from marine sources like fish or seaweed. Unfortunately, due to global warming, these compounds are becoming scarce for humans because of overfishing and stock reduction. Although increasing in recent years, aquaculture appears insufficient to meet the increasing requirements of these healthy molecules for humans. One alternative resides in the cultivation of microalgae, the initial producers of EPA and DHA. They are also rich in biochemicals with interesting properties. After defining macro and microalgae, this review synthesizes the current knowledge on n-3 PUFAs regarding health benefits and the challenges surrounding their supply within the environmental context. Microalgae n-3 PUFA production is examined and its synthesis pathways are discussed. Finally, the use of EPA and DHA in food and feed is investigated. This work aims to define better the issues surrounding n-3 PUFA production and supply and the potential of microalgae as a sustainable source of compounds to enhance the food and feed of the future.

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“…This high metabolism makes the retina especially vulnerable to oxidative stress damage. Numerous studies have shown that ROS contributes to vascular endothelial dysfunction and retinal neural degeneration [ 24 ]. Moreover, inflammation in the retina and neuron degeneration has been linked to excessive ROS formation, which can directly modify cellular molecules and impair their function.…”

Section: Protective Effects Of Dha Against Oxidative Stress In Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

“…n-3 PUFAs cannot be efficiently synthesized by the human body, so that adequate amounts depend on the consumption of foods rich in these compounds, such as fish and fish oil products ( Figure 3 ). DHA accounts for approximately 20% of the retinal weight and affects the development and survival of neurons and retinal vascular cells [ 24 ]. DHA is the dominant fatty acid of retinal phospholipids and plays a significant role in maintaining retinal integrity [ 25 ], also related to the increased production of GSH ( Figure 3 ).…”

Section: Protective Effects Of Dha Against Oxidative Stress In Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant Activity and Neuroprotective Role of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Supplementation in Eye Diseases That Can Lead to Blindness: A Narrative Review

et al. 2021

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The objective of this narrative review is to provide updated evidence, based on data from experimental and clinical studies, of the prominent role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) for a number of crucial mechanisms involved in counteracting cell damage induced by oxidative stress in eye diseases. This article is focused on the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which have been assessed in different experimental models and clinical studies, particularly in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma that are the most common eye diseases leading to severe vision loss. The mechanisms involved in the role of DHA in protecting human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress as well as the interaction with glutathione (GSH) are also described. The review is intended to provide novel and salient findings supporting the rationale of the use of dietary supplementation with high-dose DHA (1050 mg/day) in the form of triglyceride as a potent antioxidant compound for improving the eye health. However, the overall clinical evidence for the use of dietary strategies based on supplementation with n-3 PUFAs in eye diseases linked to oxidative stress other than high-dose DHA triglyceride is both limited and inconsistent.

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Protective Effects and Molecular Signaling of n-3 Fatty Acids on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Retinal Diseases

Cited by 27 publications

References 234 publications

Analysis of Lipid Peroxidation by UPLC-MS/MS and Retinoprotective Effects of the Natural Polyphenol Pterostilbene

Analysis of Lipid Peroxidation by UPLC-MS/MS and Retinoprotective Effects of the Natural Polyphenol Pterostilbene

Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries

Antioxidant Activity and Neuroprotective Role of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Supplementation in Eye Diseases That Can Lead to Blindness: A Narrative Review

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