Protective effects against abortion and fetal infection following exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 during pregnancy in beef heifers that received two doses of a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine prior to breeding

Abstract

Prebreeding administration of a modified-live virus vaccine to heifers resulted in fewer abortions and BVDV-PI offspring and improved growth and increased market value of weaned calves.

Virus detection by PCR following vaccination of naive calves with intranasal or injectable multivalent modified-live viral vaccines

“…Geometric mean virus neutralizing antibody titers against bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (BVDV-1, -2), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3) following vaccination with a multivalent modified-live viral (MLV) intranasal vaccine (group 1) or a multivalent MLV parenteral vaccine (group 2 response by 28 dpv, with an antibody titer of 4. In contrast, all group 2 calves had a measurable antibody response by day 28; however, antibody titers were generally low (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). All calves in both groups developed a measurable antibody response to BRSV, with group 2 calves possessing higher antibody concentrations than group 1.…”

Infectious Agents

“…[259][260][261][262][263] Lesser degrees of protection were observed in other studies when vaccinated pregnant cattle were exposed to PI cattle, which is considered a more rigorous and realistic challenge model. [264][265][266][267] While prolonged and complete protection from development of PI calves was demonstrated in a study using PI cattle as the challenge model, 264 under field conditions, success of vaccination to prevent fetal infection depends on various factors including timing of vaccination, nutritional and immune status of animals, cross-protection of vaccine and field strains, and number of vaccinations administered before breeding.…”

Evaluation of BHV-1 antibody titer in a cattle herd against different BHV-1 strains

“…These losses are the results of BHV-1 infection associated abortions, respiratory disease, reductions in milk yield, decreased fertility, and decreased birth weights, weaning weights and daily gain to calves born to unvaccinated or improperly vaccinated cows and heifers (Givens et al, 2012). Both modified live viral (MLV) and inactivated/killed virus vaccines have been developed to control BHV-1 induced abortions and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) (Biswas et al, 2013;Castrucci et al, 2002;Xue et al, 2011).…”