Protective effect of mannan oligosaccharides against early colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis in chicks is improved by higher dietary threonine levels

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and threonine effects on performance, small intestine morphology and Salmonella spp. counts in Salmonella Enteritidis-challenged birds. Methods and Results: One-day-old chicks (1d) were distributed into five treatments: nonchallenged animals fed basal diet (RB-0), animals fed basal diet and infected with Salmonella Enteritidis (RB-I), animals fed high level of threonine and infected (HT-I), birds fed basal diet with MOS and infected (MOS-I), birds fed high level of threonine and MOS and infected (HT+MOS-I). Birds were inoculated at 2d with Salmonella Enteritidis, except RB-0 birds. Chicks fed higher dietary threonine and MOS showed performance similar to RB-0 and intestinal morphology recovery at 8 dpi. Salmonella counts and the number of Salmonella-positive animals were lower in HT+MOS-I compared with other challenged groups. Conclusion: Mannan oligosaccharides and threonine act synergistically, resulting in improved intestinal environment and recovery after Salmonella inoculation. Significance and Impact of the Study: Nutritional approaches may be useful to prevent Salmonella infection in the first week and putative carcass contamination at slaughter. This is the first report on the possible synergistic effect of mannan oligosaccharides and threonine, and further studies should be performed including performance, microbiota evaluation, composition of intestinal mucins and immune assessment.

High Incubation Temperature and Threonine Dietary Level Improve Ileum Response Against Post-Hatch Salmonella Enteritidis Inoculation in Broiler Chicks

“…Threonine levels had no effect on Salmonella counts in the present study or the number of infected birds ( Table 1 ). This result was not expected, since SE counts were reduced when the high-threonine diet was supplemented with mannanoligossacharide (MOS) in a previous study carried out in our laboratory [ 9 ]. On the other hand, intestinal integrity was improved in the present study in those chicks fed high threonine levels and inoculated with SE, including higher villus height and villus:crypt ratio.…”

“…Mucin has an important role on this response, favoring the establishment and maintenance of a comensal microbiota, and forming a protection barrier against pathogens. Mucin production is intimately correlated to threonine levels in the diet, which have been associated with protection of the intestinal epithelium [ 9 ]. Therefore, threonine has been considered to be an important nutrient for the defense against intestinal pathogens in birds and swine [ 9 , 10 ].…”

“…Mucin production is intimately correlated to threonine levels in the diet, which have been associated with protection of the intestinal epithelium [ 9 ]. Therefore, threonine has been considered to be an important nutrient for the defense against intestinal pathogens in birds and swine [ 9 , 10 ]. Threonine is involved in important biological functions such as the maintenance, integrity and immunity of the intestinal mucosa and, consequently, dietary requirements may change according to the importance of each function [ 11 ].…”

Biochemical Engineering Approaches for Increasing Viability and Functionality of Probiotic Bacteria

“…One of most important role of EPS is less damage and protecting the cell against the harsh conditions of environment (e.g., protection against desiccation, antibiotics, toxic compounds and osmotic stress [ 107 ]). There is strong evidence that the amount of EPS produced is related to the thermoresistance and stimulation of the viability of probiotics during freezing and freeze-drying [ 91 ], as well as during storage of freeze-dried cells [ 105 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 ]. The addition of EPS to the food matrix can help probiotics in enhancing the microbial adhesion to the intestinal epithelium and, as a result, the gut colonization is improved by beneficial microorganisms.…”

Mannan oligosaccharide requires functional ETC and TLR for biological radiation protection to normal cells

“…There are several reports of improved health, growth status, enhanced performance, resurgence of the systemic and local immune system in animals [ 15 , 17 – 19 ]. It has also been shown to stimulate epithelial barrier structure and functionality of intestinal mucosa [ 20 ]. Mannan has also been reported to possess anti-oxidative, anti-genotoxic and anti-mutagenic properties [ 21 , 22 ].…”