Protective effect of magnesium lactate gluconate and Garcinia cambogia fruit extract in experimentally induced renal calculi in rats

Abstract

Aim: Antiurolithiatic activity of magnesium lactate gluconate (MLG) and aqueous extract of Garcinia cambogia (GC) fruit was studied. Materials and Methods: The study was performed during December 2016 to April 2017. Urolithiasis was induced in male Wistar rats by administration of 0.75% v/v ethylene glycol for 21 days. From 8 th day onward, intervention with MLG (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) and GC (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) was started. At the end of the treatment period, biochemical parameters affecting renal stone formation were estimated in the serum, urine, kidney homogenate, and histopathology of harvested kidneys was performed. Results: From in vivo evaluation, it was observed that MLG 400 mg/kg b.w., GC 100 mg/kg b.w., and GC 200 mg/kg b.w. significantly reduced nitrogenous waste products in serum (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid) as well as calculogenic promoters in urine (phosphate and oxalate) and kidney homogenate (calcium, phosphate, and oxalate) when compared to disease control animals. The MLG 200 and MLG 400 were ineffective in restoring superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity, whereas GC 100, GC 200, and Cystone ® 400 mg/kg b.w. significantly elevated SOD and CAT enzymes in urolithiatic rat kidney. Conclusions: MLG and GC extracts are capable of preventing calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal formation and subsequent deposition in renal tubules. The principle mechanism underlying nephroprotective effect of test drugs might be attributed to their calcium ion chelating ability and CaOx crystallization inhibitory activity. It is further asserted that GC was more potent than MLG in overall kidney protection by virtue of its antioxidant potential.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the use of hydroxycitric acid adjuvant to shock wave lithotripsy therapy in patients with calcium stones. Stone fragmentation results

“…Experimental animal studies demonstrated the effect of HCA on the inhibition of the crystallization of calcium oxalate, and in addition, its renal elimination. Therefore, HCA has a double effect: a prophylactic effect in the first case and a therapeutic effect in the second one [ 15 , 16 ].…”