Protective Effect of Jianpiyifei II Granule against Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease via NF‐κB Signaling Pathway

Abstract

Jianpiyifei II granule (JPYF II) is an oriental herbal formula used clinically in China to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of JPYF II in a mouse model of COPD induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette smoke (CS) and in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Mice were given LPS via intratracheal instillation on days 1 and 15 and exposed to CS generated from 4 cigarettes/day for 28 days. The mice were treated with 0.75, 1.5, or 3 g/kg/d JPYF II by intragastric administration in low, middle, and high dose groups, respectively, for two weeks. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated by CSE and treated with JPYF II at doses of 12.5, 25, or 50 μg/mL. In the mouse model of LPS and CS-induced COPD, JPYF II decreased inflammatory cell counts in broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), in addition to mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and metalloproteinases (MMPs) in lung tissues. In addition, JPYF II elevated catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and IκBα and p65 phosphorylation and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissues. In RAW264.7 cells stimulated with CSE, JPYF II inhibited the mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators and the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65. Our results suggest that JPYF II enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities in a mouse model of COPD induced by LPS and CS and in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with CSE via inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.

Triterpene Acids of Loquat Leaf Improve Inflammation in Cigarette Smoking Induced COPD by Regulating AMPK/Nrf2 and NFκB Pathways

“…To mimic the smoking inhalation quantity and rate of combustion, cigarettes were coupled to a plastic 50 mL syringe to draw and inject puffs into the exposure chamber. According to previous studies [25,26], the procedure of passive smoking inducing COPD was conducted as follows: fresh smoke generated from four cigarettes was delivered to the chamber four times a day, twice in the morning (beginning at 09:00) and twice in the afternoon (beginning at 15:00). The smoke-free interval between two exposures was 10 min.…”

Jianpiyifei II Granules Suppress Apoptosis of Bronchial Epithelial Cells in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease via Inhibition of the Reactive Oxygen Species-Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Ca2+ Signaling Pathway

“…160717, 160718, 160719, 160720, 160721, 160722, 160723, and 160724). The medicinal herbal powders were extracted twice with boiling water (10 times the volume of the herbs) for 1.5 h. Each water extract was filtered and dehydrated under vacuum conditions and then residue was freeze-dried and stored in a refrigerator until required (Fan et al, 2018).…”

“…The ESI source was set in positive ionization mode. MS acquisition was set with a scan range of 150-1300 m/z and a resolving power of 30,000 for full-scan (Fan et al, 2018).…”

“…Nannf., Atractylodes macrocephala koidz., Bupleurum chinense DC., Cynomorium songaricum Rupr., Vitex negundo L. and Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] and are prescribed for the treatment of COPD in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine. The major components of JPYF II have been analyzed using UPLC/ESI/HRMS in a previous study (Fan et al, 2018). In addition, previous clinical studies have demonstrated that JPYF II is able to substantially decrease the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score and increase the 6minute walk distance (6MWD) in 178 COPD patients whose condition was judged stable (Wu et al, 2011).…”

“…In addition, previous clinical studies have demonstrated that JPYF II is able to substantially decrease the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score and increase the 6minute walk distance (6MWD) in 178 COPD patients whose condition was judged stable (Wu et al, 2011). Additionally, our previous in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that JPYF II exhibits anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in mice and rats exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE), indicating that it has a protective effect against COPD (Lin et al, 2014;Lin et al, 2015;Fan et al, 2018). Whether JPYF II can reduce CS-induced apoptosis of bronchial epithelial cells in COPD or whether the protective effect of JPYF II is related to ER stress remains unclear.…”