Protective effect of grape or apple juices in bone tissue of rats exposed to cadmium: role of RUNX-2 and RANK/L expression

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate if grape or apple juices are able to protect bone tissue of rats exposed to cadmium. For this purpose, histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry for RUNX-2 and RANK-L were investigated in this setting. A total of 20 adult Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n = 5), as follows: control group, cadmium group, cadmium and grape juice group, and Cadmium and apple juice group. Control group received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) water injection. Cadmium group received a single i.p. injection of cadmium chloride (1.2 mg/kg body weight) diluted in water. Cadmium and grape juice and cadmium and apple juice groups received a single i.p. injection of cadmium chloride (1.2 mg/kg body), and after 15 days, the rats were treated with grape or apple juices for 15 days, by gavage. All animals were euthanized 30 days after the beginning of experiment. Histopathological analysis in rat femur revealed extensive bone loss in rats intoxicated with cadmium. Grape or apple juices were able to increase bone formation. Cadmium inhibited RUNX-2 immunoexpression whereas cadmium increased RANK-L immunoexpression in rat bone cells. Grape or apple juices increased RUNX-2 and decreased RANK-L immunoexpression after cadmium intoxication. Taken together, our results demonstrate that grape or apple juices are able to exert therapeutic activity following cadmium intoxication in rat bone tissue as result of stimulatory effect of bone formation by RUNX-2 upregulation and RANK-L downregulation.

Panicum miliaceum L. and Bone Healing Properties in Rat Model of Femur Fracture by Activating Phosphate Stimulating Macrophages via BMP2 and RANK Signaling Pathway

“…Also, the study of Kassi et al (2011) showed that the extract containing genistein, daidzein, and kaempferol can increase the differentiation ratio and osteoclast/osteoclast activation through the reduction of IL-6 and RANK-L and the increase of OPG (Kassi et al, 2011). Ruiz et al (2018) reported that flavonoids inhibit the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts by downregulating RANK-L through inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, IL-7, and IL-17 (Ruiz et al, 2018). In the present study, P. miliaceum was able to reduce the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6), which subsequently strengthened the OPG/RANK/BMP-2 signaling pathway, effective in the osteoblastic process of osteogenesis.…”

In vitro and in vivo biological performance of hydroxyapatite from fish waste

“…Immunohistochemistry was made according Ruiz et al [ 16 ]. The specimens were incubated with anti RUNX-2 monoclonal primary antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) at a concentration of 1:200 followed by biotin conjugated secondary antibody anti-rabbit IgG (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA) at a concentration of 1:200.…”

Health effects of fruit juices and beverages with varying degrees of processing

“…The specific objective is to explore the mechanisms by which juice consumption promotes drug absorption and usage or inhibits toxic effects. Ruiz et al constructed a mouse model of cadmium poisoning and found that grape or apple juice can upregulate the expression of RUNX2 and downregulates that of RANK-L in the immune system, thereby reducing irritation and protecting bone tissue [96]. Third, a dose-dependent relationship between juice and beverage consumption and disease risk is evident.…”