In vitro and in vivo biological performance of hydroxyapatite from fish waste

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite (HAP) from fish waste using in vitro and in vivo assays. Fish samples (whitemouth croaker - Micropogonias furnieri) from the biowaste was used as HAP source. Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were used in vitro study. In addition, bone defects were artificially created in rat calvaria and filled with HAP in vivo. The results demonstrated that HAP reduced cytotoxicity in pre-osteoblast cells after 3 and 6 days following HAP exposure. DNA concentration was lower in the HAP group after 6 days. Quantitative RT-PCR did not show any significant differences (p > 0.05) between groups. In vivo study revealed that bone defects filled with HAP pointed out moderate chronic inflammatory cells with slight proliferation of blood vessels after 7 and 15 days. Chronic inflammatory infiltrate was absent after 30 days of HAP exposure. There was also a decrease in the amount of biomaterial, being followed by newly formed bone tissue. All experimental groups also demonstrated strong RUNX-2 immoexpression in the granulation tissue as well as in cells in close contact with biomaterial. The number of osteoblasts inside the defect area was lower in the HAP group when compared to control group after 7 days post-implantation. Similarly, the osteoblast surface as well as the percentage of bone surface was higher in control group when compared with HAP group after 7 days post-implantation. Taken together, HAP from fish waste is a promising possibility that should be explored more carefully by tissue-engineering or biotechnology.

Long-Bone-Regeneration Process in a Sheep Animal Model, Using Hydroxyapatite Ceramics Prepared by Tape-Casting Method

“…Many other studies indicated an excellent biocompatibility of HA with bony tissue [ 10 , 35 , 38 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. The biocompatibility of HA obtained from fish waste was also confirmed in vivo and in vitro in a study by Prado et al [ 37 ]. Giorno et al [ 38 ] stated that HA is a biomaterial whose rejection is only minimal or nonexistent.…”

“…HA is one of the widely and regularly used bioceramics for bone regeneration, which has been investigated due to its excellent biological properties, potential resorbability, moulding capabilities, and easy manipulation. The use of various types of HA was described in diverse scientific sources [ 37 , 42 ]. HA is characterised by excellent biocompatibility with bony tissue, high bioactivity, and osteoconductivity.…”

“…Among the various synthetic biomaterials, HA gives the best results [ 35 ]. This material can be used alone or in combination with other biomaterials for bone reconstruction in many clinical applications [ 36 , 37 ]. HA can be synthesised by various methods and can be easily prepared in a laboratory [ 38 ].…”

HA/β-TCP Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramics Derived From Butterfish Bones Loaded With Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Osteogenesis

“…The micro-CT test and histological results showed that the calcined butterfish bone had a lower in vivo degradation rate. The low degradation rate of biological materials might increase the physical resistance to bone growth, affect the interaction with body fluids, and interfere with bone formation (da Silva Brum et al, 2019;Nazir and Iqbal, 2021;Prado et al, 2021). However, compared with Bio-Oss, the calcined butterfish bone also had certain advantages, such as its high porosity.…”

The use of waste bones of rabbitfish (Siganus sp.) for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite

“…In addition, natural or synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) is also known to have been used as an implant material for orthopedic and dental applications [4]. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) from fish bone waste reduces cytotoxicity in pre-osteoblast cells [5].…”