Protective Effect of Different Tetrafluorides on Erosion of Pellicle-Free and Pellicle-Covered Enamel and Dentine

Abstract

The aim was to analyze the protective effects of titanium, zirconium and hafnium tetrafluorides on erosion of pellicle-free and pellicle-covered enamel and dentine in vitro. Eight groups of 20 specimens each of bovine enamel and bovine dentine were prepared. Half the specimens in each group were immersed in human saliva for 2 h for pellicle formation. Specimens were then left untreated (controls) or were treated for 120 s with TiF₄, ZrF₄ or HfF₄ solutions (0.4 or 1%) or 1.25% AmF/NaF gel. All specimens were eroded by exposure to hydrochloric acid, pH 2.6, for 25 min. Cumulative calcium release into the acid was monitored in consecutive 30-second intervals for 5 min, then at 2-min intervals up to a total erosion time of 25 min using the Arsenazo III procedure. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. 1% TiF₄ solution offered the best protective effect, especially in dentine (reduction of calcium loss about 50% at 25 min). 1% ZrF₄, 1% HfF₄ and 0.4% TiF₄ also reduced calcium loss, but to a lesser extent. Long-term effects were limited to dentine, while reduction of enamel erosion (about 25%) was restricted to 1-min erosion. The fluoride gel had a protective effect only in dentine. The efficacy of the tetrafluorides was influenced by the presence of the pellicle layer, in that the protection against dentine erosion by TiF₄ and ZrF₄ was greater on pellicle-covered specimens. Tetrafluoride solutions, especially 1% TiF₄, could decrease dental erosion, but were more effective on dentine than on enamel.

TiF4 and NaF at pH 1.2 but not at pH 3.5 are able to reduce dentin erosion

“…In a previous study it was shown that the capacity of TiF 4 to protect dentin against erosive calcium loss was better in pellicle-covered than in pellicle-free samples. 12 As shown previously, the surface concentration of titanium was significantly increased after application of TiF 4 at pH 1.2. 24,25 The fluoride surface concentration was also increased compared to the control, although not significantly, and was in the range found previously for TiF 4 -treated dentin.…”

“…The efficacy of TiF 4 to reduce carious demineralisation suggested that it might be also an effective agent in preventing erosive dental loss. In several recent in vitro 3,[11][12][13] and few in situ studies 14,15 it was shown that TiF 4 reduced dental erosion significantly and was more effective than sodium, amine or stannous fluoride.…”

“…12,16 Although these studies found that TiF 4 was more effective in reducing dentin erosion than NaF 16 or AmF 12 , the lack of data requires further studies dealing with the impact of TiF 4 on dentin erosion.…”

Effect of Titanium Tetrafluoride and Amine Fluoride Treatment Combined with Carbon Dioxide Laser Irradiation on Enamel and Dentin Erosion

“…1 However, even though TiF 4 was shown to be more effective to prevent erosive demineralisation than sodium, stannous or amine fluoride, 2-5 most studies found that TiF 4 is not able to protect enamel erosion completely. [5][6][7][8] Previous experiments showed that CO 2 laser irradiation induced a melting and recrystallinization process resulting in an increased acid resistance of dental hard tissues. [9][10][11] Moreover, laser irradiation might be also an approach to increase the efficacy of different fluoride solutions, such as amine 12 or sodium fluoride, 13,14 to reduce acid demineralisation.…”

Influence of prophylaxis paste treatment on the abrasive wear of surface sealants

“…Numerous other studies investigating dentine wear by either tooth brushing [20,21], erosion [22,23] or combination of both [2,24] also use bovine teeth to substitute human dentine. When using bovine teeth, it is easy to obtain more than one sample per tooth allowing allocation of samples from the same tooth to different experimental groups, thus increasing comparability between those groups [25].…”