Protective effect of dietary tomatine against dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP)‐induced liver and stomach tumors in rainbow trout

Abstract

The potential anti-carcinogenic effects of tomatine, a mixture of commercial tomato glycoalkaloids alpha-tomatine and dehydrotomatine (10:1), were examined in the rainbow trout chemoprevention model. Prior to the chemoprevention study, a preliminary toxicity study revealed that tomatine in the diet fed daily at doses from 100 to 2000 parts per million (ppm) for 4 weeks was not toxic to trout. For the tumor study, replicate groups of 105 trout were fed diets containing dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP) alone (224 ppm), (N = 3), DBP plus tomatine at 2000 ppm (N = 2), tomatine alone (N = 2), or control diet (N = 2) for 4 weeks. The fish were then returned to control diet for 8 months and necropsied for histopathology. Dietary tomatine was found to reduce DBP-initiated liver tumor incidence from 37.0 to 19.0% and stomach tumor incidence from 46.4 to 29.4%. Tomatine also reduced stomach tumor multiplicity. The tomatine-containing diets did not induce mortality, change in fish weights, or liver weights. No adverse pathological effects in the tissues of the fish on the tomatine diets were observed. Dose-response and chemopreventive mechanisms for tomatine protection remain to be examined. This is the first report on the anticarcinogenic effects of tomatine in vivo.

The Tomato Glycoalkaloid α-Tomatine Induces Caspase-Independent Cell Death in Mouse Colon Cancer CT-26 Cells and Transplanted Tumors in Mice

“…15,40 (b) As part of the anticarcinogenic study of feeding tomatine to rainbow trout for 9 months, we found that tomatine did not induce changes in mortality, fish weights, liver weights, or tissue morphology. 33 We also observed a lack of toxicity in hamsters orally fed tomatine. 41 (c) The apparent nontoxicity of tomatine in animal models is reinforced by the fact that Peruvians consume without deleterious effects high-tomatine red tomatoes grown in the Andes mountains 8 and that high-tomatine "pickled green" and "green-fried" tomatoes are part of the human diet.…”

Chemistry and Anticarcinogenic Mechanisms of Glycoalkaloids Produced by Eggplants, Potatoes, and Tomatoes

“…Feeding 2000 ppm of tomatine and 224 ppm of the multiorgan carcinogen dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP) to rainbow trout for 9 months resulted in a reduced incidence of liver and stomach tumors by 41.3 and 36.3%, respectively, as compared to the incidence of tumors observed with DBP alone. 85 This seems to be the first report on the inhibition of tumor growth by dietary α-tomatine.…”

HPLC profiling of phenolics in diverse potato genotypes

“…Deamination by phenylalanine ammonia-lyase commits phenylalanine to the phenylpropanoid pathway, and flow through this pathway should be higher in high-phenolic potatoes. There was Although some recent work shows that some glycoalkaloids can have health-promoting effects, potentially including anti-cancer activity (Friedman, McQuistan, Hendricks, Pereira, & Bailey, 2007), total glycoalkaloid concentrations in the United States must be kept below 20 mg/100 g FW to avoid undesirable side-effects. Primitive germplasm and wild-species tended to have the greatest amount of solanine and chaconine in this survey (Supplementary Table 1).…”