Protective Effect of Crocodile Hemoglobin and Whole Blood Against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage in Human Lung Fibroblasts (MRC-5) and Inflammation in Mice

Abstract

A putative protective effect of cHb and cWb against HO-induced oxidative damage was evaluated in detail using MRC-5 cells. In addition, the carrageenan (Carr)-induced mouse paw edema model and the cotton pellet-induced granuloma model were employed to examine the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of cHb and cWb in mice. It was demonstrated that both cHb and cWb treatments significantly increased cell viability and inhibited morphology alterations in MRC-5 cells exposed to HO. Orally administered cHb and cWb significantly reduced Carr-induced paw edema volume and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation. Moreover, cHb and cWb decreased the expression levels of important pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α), while only cWb was found to increase the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 significantly. Finally, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) in the liver improved after cHb and cWb treatment under acute and chronic inflammation. Taken collectively, the results of this study suggest that both cHb and cWb protect against hydrogen peroxide-induced damage in fibroblast cells. Moreover, cHb and cWb were found to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in both the acute and chronic stages of inflammation and appear to enhance antioxidant enzyme activity and decrease lipid peroxidation in the livers of mice. Therefore, this study indicates that cHb and cWb have great potential to be used in the development of dietary supplements for the prevention of oxidative stress related to inflammatory disorders.

Tuna blood inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 macrophages

“…Our results are similar to those found by Phosri et al [7] in fibroblasts cultures exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and treated with the blood extract from crocodile blood. Additionally, a positive drug, dexamethasone (1 µg/mL) significantly suppressed the secretion of nitrite in the medium of LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages.…”

“…Recently, the recovery of the tuna blood to create the more valuable products is of great importance for the industry. To date, there has been a growing interest in the investigation of the biological properties of Crocodylus siamensis blood associated with the immune function, anti-bacterial [4], anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity [5][6][7].…”

Novel antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory peptides from the Siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) hemoglobin hydrolysate

“…Furthermore, IL‐1β induced IL‐6 production is mediated predominantly through the p38 MAPK/NF‐κB pathway . cHb was found to exhibit anti‐inflammatory effects in the cotton pellet model and RAW 264.7 cells by reducing expression levels of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, COX‐2, and IL‐6 mRNA . The collected results in this work indicate that the anti‐inflammatory activity of sample might be related to an interaction with the MAPK/NF‐κB pathway by their ability to decrease proinflammatory cytokine and inflammatory mediator production.…”

Development, characterization and determination of biological properties of crocodile hemoglobin (Crocodylus siamensis ) tablets

“…In this context, the Siamese crocodile ( Crocodylus siamensis ) may be regarded as a particularly attractive source for biologically active proteins, short peptides, and amino acids (Pakdeesuwan et al, ) as previous reports identified several proteins and peptides contained in crocodile blood to constitute the first line of innate immune defense protecting these animals against bacterial infection (Hoffman, Biscayne, Binah, & Tivan, ; Phosri et al, ). Although the Siamese crocodile is classified as critically endangered in the wild, the successful initiation of intensive breeding programs in Thailand aiming to conserve the species have created large captive populations in crocodile farms (Lapbenjakul et al, ).…”