Protective effect of blackthorn fruits (Prunus spinosa) against tartrazine toxicity development in albino Wistar rats

Abstract

Background Tartrazine (Yellow 5 or E102) is a synthetic food dye able to modify perception and behavior, causing agitation, confusion, rhinitis and can produce hyperactivity syndrome in children when is combined with benzoates. Additionally, it can trigger oxidative stress which consequently generates metabolic disorders. Therefore, the study was designed to evaluate the harmful effects of the food additive tartrazine and to observe beneficial properties of blackthorn fruits ( Prunus spinosa ) on the blood and organs of albino Wistar rats. Materials and methods This study was carried out on 20 mature Wistar rats, randomly divided into four groups of five animals. Over the course of the experiment, the control group received only food and drinking water, group I received 75 mg of tartrazine dissolved in (250 ml) water group II was given 75 mg of tartrazine and 200 mg of dried blackthorn fruit powder 200 mg dissolved simultaneously in (250 ml) of tartrazine-water mixture (aiming to reduce the tartrazine toxicity) and group III received a higher dose of tartrazine (100 mg) in (250 ml) of water. Results At the end of the experiment, values regarding kidney and liver weight were significantly increased, while the weight of the spleen was slightly decreased compared with the weight of the control group. Biochemical and hematological assays, of the blood samples show that the addition of tartrazine in the diet of rats caused significant changes in all biochemical and hematological parameters of the blood. In the group II, which received ( P. spinosa ) powder combined with tartrazine, the biochemical and hematological parameters had average values similar to the control group. Conclusions Histopathological assay showed that the application of tartrazine in the group I, II and III produced lesions of the kidneys, spleen and the liver for all rodents. Tartrazine was able to generate histopathological changes, which caused significantly tissue lesions of the liver and significant changes in blood parameters. Blackthorn powder showed a promising protective role for the blood parameters but demonstrated no significant benefits for the organs.

Nephroprotective effect of Emblica officinalis fruit extract against malachite green toxicity in piscine model: Ultrastructure and oxidative stress study

“…Variya et al (2016) suggested the ameliorative ability of EO by either regulation of molecular pathways involved in patho‐physiology or anti‐oxidative properties. In conformity to present observations, other authors have also reported the ameliorative abilities of herbal extract supplementation against dye toxicity (Balta et al, 2019; Hoseinpouran, Khaki, & Nazem, 2015). Thus, it can be suggested that EO can serve as an important nutraceutical in improving fish health against toxicants.…”

Ameliorating Effect of Vitamin E on Liver Damage Caused by Administering Tartrazine in Male Mice

“…GST, and CAT, and diminished AST, ALT, and ALP in contrast to TZ handled group. These observations are in accordance with Al-Seeni, et al 37 , Balta, et al 38 , and Ahmad, et al 39 , which verified that vitamin E therapy may additionally in part effective in lowering hepatic functional and histological changes related to chronic hepatic failure produced by acute TZ toxicity. According to Al-Attar 40 .…”

Protective Effects of Dietary Supplement Spirulina (Spirulina platensis) against Toxically Impacts of Monosodium Glutamate in Blood and Behavior of Swiss mouse

“…The group that received MSG in combination with spirulina presented AST average values of 152.20 ± 2.6 U/L, showing lower values compared to the control group (165.20 ± 2.84, U/L), respectively. [54]. According to the authors, significant changes in most of the biochemical blood parameters after treatment were observed.…”