Protection with thymoquinone against formaldehyde-induced neurotoxicity in the rats

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the neurotoxic damage of formaldehyde (FA), which is commonly used in medicine and industrial fi elds, for the hippocampus of rats and the protective role of thymoquinone (TQ) against this neurotoxicity. METHODS: There were fi ve groups with eight rats in each. Two control groups were formed, in one of them physiological saline was applied and in the other one corn oil was applied. FA was injected in Group 3. Group 4 was exposed to FA and TQ simultaneously. Group 5 received TQ only. At the end of the experiment animals were sacrifi ced and brain tissues were removed for biochemical and histopathological investigation. RESULTS: Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), all known as enzymes with antioxidant activities, were increased in FA and TQ simultaneously administered group. FA caused prominent subarachnoidal hemorrhage and vacuolization. Vacuolization was not observed but occasional subarachnoidal hemorrhage was detected in the FA+TQ group. CONCLUSION: Neurotoxic damage in hippocampus induced by FA was reverted by administration of TQ (Tab.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of spirulina and thymoquinone mitigate the methotrexate-induced neurotoxicity

“…The MTX group exhibited significant histopathological changes, such as vacuolar alterations, apoptotic cells, and infiltration of inflammatory cells, which have been reported in previous studies (Famurewa et al 2019 ; Shalaby et al 2019 ; Ahmed et al 2021 ; Aslankoc et al 2022 ). However, administration of SP or TQ decreased the neurological lesions, as demonstrated in studies on neurotoxicity induced by lead, nicotine, doxorubicin, and formaldehyde (Khalil et al 2018 ; Saygin et al 2018 ; Galal et al 2019 ; Elsonbaty and Ismail 2020 ).…”

“…SP has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in previous studies by (Okuyama et al 2017 ), and has been effective against lead-induced neurotoxicity (Khalil et al 2018 ), acrylamide (Bin-Jumah et al 2021 ), and microcystin-LR (Germoush et al 2022 ). TQ has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties by scavenging ROS and upregulating antioxidants in formaldehyde (Saygin et al 2018 ), microcystin-LR (Abdel-Daim et al 2019 ), acrylamide (Abdel-Daim et al 2020 ), and chlorpyrifos (Aboubakr et al 2021 ) induced toxicity. The oxidative damage and pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in this study could increase the susceptibility of the brain to various neurodegenerative diseases.…”

“…Previous research on TQ has demonstrated its pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective, and antioxidant effects (Ashraf et al 2011 ; Abdel-Daim et al 2020 ). TQ has been reported to have antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals and enhancing the activity of internal antioxidant enzymes (Badary et al 2003 ), which has been associated with its neuroprotective activity (Saygin et al 2018 ; Abdel-Daim et al 2019 , 2020 ; Aboubakr et al 2021 ; Kaymak et al 2021 ).…”

Protective Effect of Hedeoma drummondii against Formaldehyde-Induced Testicular Toxicity and Genotoxicity in Wistar Rats

“…A similar effect was found in this study since α-tocopherol treatment resulted in the highest concentration and sperm motility. Previous studies have shown that FA causes damage because of oxidative stress production, therefore, the use of natural extracts with antioxidant potential can be useful as a treatment, due to its capacity to reduce damage caused by genotoxic agents [39,40]. A study carried out by Bakar et al [41], evaluated the protective effect of proanthocyanidins (PA) compared to vitamin E treatment on FA-induced rat kidney damage.…”