Protection System of Multi-Terminal MMC-based HVDC Grids: A Survey

Niaki, Seyed Hassan Ashrafi; Chen, Zhe; Bak‐Jensen, Birgitte; Hu, Shuju

doi:10.1109/icopesa54515.2022.9754409

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…For HVDC systems, safeguarding against DC side faults has consistently been a primary research interest [22]. Various scholars have put forth diverse control and protection approaches to enhance the AC FRT capabilities of HVDC systems, as seen in references [23][24][25][26][27]. The stringent need for FRT in ensuring the grid's secure functioning during transients with minimal power disruptions serves as the motivation for these challenges [28].…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Circulating Current Control and Enhanced AC Fault Ride-through Capability Using Model Predictive Control for MMC-HVDC Applications

et al. 2023

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This paper presents a novel model predictive control (MPC) approach for suppressing circulating currents in MMC-based HVDC systems. The proposed MPC eliminates the need for PI-regulators and pulse width modulators, resulting in improved dynamic response and controllability. The methodology demonstrates exceptional efficacy in controlling output current and addressing voltage ripple concerns associated with sub module (SM) capacitors. An innovative, communication-free fault ride-through (FRT) method is also introduced, eliminating the need for a DC chopper and ensuring rapid recovery following faults. To overcome the computational challenges associated with the traditional MPC algorithm, an aggregate model of the MMC is proposed, significantly reducing predicted states, hardware requirements, and calculations. Simulations validate the robustness of the proposed MPC control algorithm in tracking AC side current, suppressing circulating current, and regulating capacitor voltages under various scenarios. Future research will explore system expansion, integration with renewable energy sources, and hardware-in-loop setup testing for further validation.

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Section: Comparison With Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Circulating Current Control and Enhanced AC Fault Ride-through Capability Using Model Predictive Control for MMC-HVDC Applications

et al. 2023

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“…After a fault occurs in an HVDC link, the generated waves propagate through the main conductor and the cable sheath [39]. Thus, as an appropriate attribute, sheath voltage can be used for the fault location procedure.…”

Section: The Proposed Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Intelligent Method for Fault Location Estimation in HVDC Cable Systems Connected to Offshore Wind Farms

Ashrafi Niaki,

Sahebkar Farkhani,

Chen

et al. 2023

Wind

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Large and remote offshore wind farms (OWFs) usually use voltage source converter (VSC) systems to transmit electrical power to the main network. Submarine high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables are commonly used as transmission links. As they are liable to insulation breakdown, fault location in the HVDC cables is a major issue in these systems. Exact fault location can significantly reduce the high cost of submarine HVDC cable repair in multi-terminal networks. In this paper, a novel method is presented to find the exact location of the DC faults. The fault location is calculated using extraction of new features from voltage signals of cables’ sheaths and a trained artificial neural network (ANN). The results obtained from a simulation of a three-terminal HVDC system in power systems computer-aided design (PSCAD) environment show that the maximum percentage error of the proposed method is less than 1%.

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“…wileyonlinelibrary.com/iet-rpg MMC-based HVDC grids [8,9]. On the other hand, the only requirement in the existing grid code documents, is that DC fault should be interrupted and DC grid should be recovered as soon as possible [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there are lots of protection studies on fault detection and location methods in multi‐terminal HVDC grids, there is a lack of sufficient research into DC protection coordination of MMC‐based HVDC grids [8, 9]. On the other hand, the only requirement in the existing grid code documents, is that DC fault should be interrupted and DC grid should be recovered as soon as possible [10, 11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC protection coordination for multi‐terminal HB‐MMC‐based HVDC grids

Ashrafi Niaki,

Chen,

Bak‐Jensen

et al. 2023

IET Renewable Power Gen

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Fast progress of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology has been considerable over the past decades. Emerging Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) provides power systems with promising solutions to integrate large‐scale renewable energy sources, as well as multiple asynchronous power grids. Consequently, implementation of a multi‐terminal HVDC transmission system has been easier using MMC converters. However, protection of multi‐terminal MMC‐based HVDC grids under DC fault conditions is a challenge for the industry. This study sheds light on concept of system‐level DC protection coordination for multi‐terminal HVDC grids. Although, there are different protection methods for HVDC transmission systems including multi‐terminal ones, there are no well‐defined protection coordination strategies for transmission links protection and belonging HVDC converters under DC fault conditions. The proposed protection coordination prevents unnecessary tripping of MMCs in the multi‐area HVDC grids and supports the system with minimum effect on healthy parts. For the first time, different HVDC Converter Tripping (HCT) profiles are presented based on a fully selective protection strategy and their characteristics are discussed comprehensively. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for multi‐terminal MMC‐based HVDC grids. The proposed coordination can be applied to DC grid code requirements of meshed HVDC grids in the future.

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Protection System of Multi-Terminal MMC-based HVDC Grids: A Survey

Cited by 9 publications

References 124 publications

Optimized Circulating Current Control and Enhanced AC Fault Ride-through Capability Using Model Predictive Control for MMC-HVDC Applications

Optimized Circulating Current Control and Enhanced AC Fault Ride-through Capability Using Model Predictive Control for MMC-HVDC Applications

An Intelligent Method for Fault Location Estimation in HVDC Cable Systems Connected to Offshore Wind Farms

DC protection coordination for multi‐terminal HB‐MMC‐based HVDC grids

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