Protection of Testicular Dysfunctions by MTEC, a Formulated Herbal Drug, in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rat

Abstract

Diabetes is associated with declining sexual function in both male 1) and female 2) individuals. In case of female, diabetic symptoms consistent with autonomic neuropathy associated with decreased subjective sexual arousal. 3) In recent study Erol et al. noted that women with type 2 diabetes experienced higher prevalence rates of sexual dysfunction when compared to non diabetic. 4) Approximately 80% of diabetic patients complained loss of libido, 60% had diminished clitoral sensitivity, 50% experienced organic dysfunction, 40% experienced vaginal discomfort, and 40% experienced vaginal dryness. 5) Type 1 diabetic women experienced higher prevalence of reduced vasocongestion and reduced vaginal lubrication to erotic stimuli. 6) Thus these clinical studies suggest that both type 1 and type 2 impede the sexual arousal responses in women.Male reproductive alterations have been widely reported in model animals and human with diabetes. 7) Streptozotocin induced diabetes in male rats resulted atrophy of sex organ, changes in histoarchitecture of ventral prostate, 8) diminution in sperm count, 8) along with low levels in plasma gonadotrophins 9,10) and testosterone. 11) The copulatory behavior of diabetic rat has been collapsed 12) along with low fertility in induced normal mating. 12) In human, diabetes is associated with erectile dysfunction 13,14) along with loss of libido 1,5) and abnormal morphology of sperm, low plasma levels of gonadotrophins and testosterone. 15) Though there are several reports about dysfunctions of the male reproductive activity in diabetic state but the data are confusing, and the exact role that insulin plays in the regulation of male reproductive function is still unclear.In traditional practice, medicinal plants are used in many countries to control diabetes mellitus. The National Centre for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, established in 1998 by the United States Government where development of herbal medicine is one of the important subjects of study. 16,17) Moreover the herbal drug is of first choice at present because plant drugs are to be less toxic and more free from side effect than synthetic one. 18) M. paradisiaca is a tree like herb belonging to the Musaceae family and different parts of the plant have medicinal value. 19,20) T. indica LINN is tree type of plant belonging to the Caesalpiniaceae family was used as a traditional medicine for the management of diabetes mellitus. 21) E. Jambolana is used as traditional medicine for the management of diabetes. 19) This plant is found all over India and belongs to the Myrtaceae family. Jambu bark cure hemorrhages, burning sensation, dysentery, diarrhea, diabetes, excessive thirst, dyspepsia, cough and asthma and is used in preparation of astringent decoction for gargles and washes. 20) Seeds are used for the treatment of diabetes. 20) Coccinia indica is under Cucurbitaceae family and has medicinal importance as observed earlier by others. 22) In our previous work we have reported the antidiabetic effect of some of these plant pa...

Diabetes-induced Testicular Disorders Vis-a-vis Germ Cell Apoptosis in Albino Rat: Remedial Effect of Hexane Fraction of Root of Musa paradisiaca and Leaf of Coccinia indica

“…The results of the present experiments focused on inhibitory effect of low insulin in diabetes on testicular steroidogenesis and gamatogenesis and were consistent with our previous publications. 16,17) There are several reports suggestive that multinucleated germ cells or giant cells appear in seminiferous tubules linked with germ cell apoptosis. 58) Formation of giant germ cells is the initial stage of degeneration followed by nuclear fragmentation, irrespective of the stage of division or differentiation.…”

“…59) Another way for testicular inhibition in diabetes may be oxidative stress induction as proposed by our previous publications. 16,17) Traditional plant remedies have been used for centuries. In our study recovery of testicular apoptosis may be due to correction of oxidative injury in testis induced by STZ after treatment with hexane fraction of hydro-methanolic extract of root of M. paradisiaca and leaf of C. indica in composite manner.…”

“…15) Diabetes-induced male reproductive disorders are corrected by polyherbal formulation as reported by us. 16,17) Based on World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, hypoglycemic agents of plant origin used in traditional medicine are important. 18) In the traditional system of Indian medicine, plant formulations and combined extracts of plants are used as drugs of choice rather than individual ingredients and many of these have shown promising effects.…”

Smooth muscle myosin expression, isoform composition, and functional activities in rat corpus cavernosum altered by the streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes

“…In addition, urine glucose was measured with Diastix reagent strips (Bayer, Elkhart, IN) calibrated at levels of 100, 250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/dl for 3 consecutive days after STZ injection to confirm glycosuria. Only rats with confirmed initial glycosuria and blood glucose levels Ͼ250 mg/dl at the start and end of diabetes duration were used as "diabetic" samples for the study (9,23,27,33,37,48). Rats (ϳ10%) that were injected with STZ and showed no hyperglycemic symptoms such as weight loss, polydipsia, and blood glucose levels Ͻ250 mg/dl were not used for this study.…”

Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Antioxidant Enzyme and GLUT 8 Expression in Testes of Type 2 Diabetic Rats

“…These effects could be attenuated by the administration of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, melatonin, taurine or an herbal mixture containing extracts from Musa paradisiaca, Tamarindus indica, Eugenia jambolana and Coccinia indica. [84][85][86] In light of recent data showing an increased level of DNA damage in the spermatozoa of diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic controls, 87 causative links between diabetes, oxidative stress in the male germ line and DNA damage appears both likely and clinically, extremely important. Infection.…”