Protection of smart substation based on WLAN complies with IEC 61850 using traveling wave analysis

Abstract

Fast protection of distribution substation based on traveling wave is becoming a reality today. The transient traveling wave is mostly used in protection to determine the faulted line and the fault location. The advantages of signal of traveling wave includes immunity to system oscillation, transition resistance, CT saturation, and neutral point operation modes. In this article, a detailed study for analyzing the performance of using WLAN for real time protection based on the transient traveling wave. The high sampling frequency needed for traveling wave causes blockage in communication in the process bus. Now a packing of multi samples with suitable compression techniques in Merging Unit (MU), or using feature extraction with Hilbert-Huang transform with WLAN compliance with IEC 61850 has been tested. Further, this article presents the modeling and simulation of a WLAN communication network for an automation system using the precepts of IEC 61850, which is currently becoming a trend in Substation Automation System (SAS) specification. This article also investigates the impact of impulsive and interface noise on WLAN performance. Finally, the article advocates the wide application of traveling waves in the digital substations based on the IEC 61850 protocol.

Fault location based on travelling wave identification using an adaptive extended Kalman filter

“…On the other hand, Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), which is considered the most adaptive technique for analysing the nonlinear and non-stationary signals, is developed to analyse power system fault signal and has a better effect in fault location (see, e.g. [14][15][16][17][18]). HHT is composed of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert transform (HT).…”

EMTR‐based fault location for DC line in VSC‐MTDC system using high‐frequency currents

“…The travelling-wave detectors at converter lines ends usually require a high sampling rate of more than 200 kHz [22]. In this section, two-terminal travelling-wave-based method is utilised with sampling rate of 1 MHz, and only the currents at ends of faulted line, which is assumed to have been selected, are used.…”

“…Compared with the travelling-wave-based method, the method shows these advantages of: (i) tolerance of low sampling rates, (ii) no requirement on precise fault-occurred time. While comparing with the transient-based method, the method has superiorities as these: (i) calculation based on frequency-dependent (not Bergeron) model of transmission line and (ii) be superior to high fault resistance [22][23].…”

Evaluation of the Use of Class B LoRaWAN for the Coordination of Distributed Interface Protection Systems in Smart Grids

“…To cope with this issue, different anti-islanding mechanisms have been recently proposed by the literature, from advanced measurement techniques, to the application of active mechanisms. A passive islanding protection method, for instance, was presented in [11], while the adoption of the traveling wave analysis was proposed in [12]. Active mechanisms have been also taken into consideration, such as the observation of the network equivalent impedance through a high frequency measure based on an intentional current injection, and the provisioning of remote signals by Distribution System Operators (DSOs) [10].…”