Fault location based on travelling wave identification using an adaptive extended Kalman filter

Yang, Xi; Li, Zewen; Zhang, Xiangjun; Tang, Xin; Zhang, Xiaodong; Xiao, Hui

doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.0897

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The latter case has a significantly higher resolution, by a factor going from 22 to 37, as the line losses increase. Even for relatively high losses, when Γ = −0.5, the spatial resolution 6 , is found to be about 67 m when using a second-order inverse filter, while it exceeds 2 km when directly computing the correlation between two transients. This property of improving the location accuracy as losses increase is also confirmed in Sec.…”

Section: Line Lossesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Therefore, the ideal transient v δ [k] can be retrieved by compensating the distortion introduced by the surge signal, h[k]. This operation corresponds to a deconvolution and can be carried out by first computing the z-transform H(z) of h[k], which corresponds to the exponential-step surge described in (6). H(z) can be shown to be [37,Sec.…”

Section: A Inverse Filteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13(a). The fault surge v f (t) is again described by (6), with a rise time T r : its impact on location accuracy is studied in Sec. VI-D.…”

Section: Application To a Three-phase Linementioning

confidence: 99%

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Surge Compression for Improved Fault Location Accuracy in Full Transient-Based Methods

Cozza

2021

IEEE Sensors J.

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This paper proves that the accuracy of singleended fault location techniques based on the correlation of fault transients in power lines can be significantly improved by inversefiltering transients first. The reason for this improved accuracy is found in the reduction of the duration of the fault surge signal, thus increasing the sensitivity of fault-location metrics to the fault position. Reported results show that by using the proposed filtering strategy, faster sampling rates systematically and significantly improve the location accuracy, as opposed to the case when no filter is applied, for which virtually no improvement is observed. Because of its higher spatial selectivity, the proposed fault-location technique required the development of a new synchronization method, which ensures a precise transient synchronization without the need for high-speed sampling. It is concluded that by jointly using the proposed transient filtering and synchronization solutions, correlation-based fault location can be significantly improved even when using sampling rates as low as 100 kHz. Extensive numerical simulations for a threephase transmission line confirm an improvement exceeding one order of magnitude in the fault location accuracy, for both lowand high-impedance faults.

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Section: Line Lossesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: A Inverse Filteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surge Compression for Improved Fault Location Accuracy in Full Transient-Based Methods

Cozza

2021

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…Generally, noise associated with travelling waves are of varying degrees of frequencies, therefore further studies is proposed to investigate. Studies in this regard has been documented in [38][39][40] whilst external fault are shown in Figure 4.10. As, shown, there is a significant reduction in the peaks as well as a shift in the travelling wave components waveform.…”

Section: Fig 47 Noisy and Smoothed Current Waveform Measured At Thementioning

confidence: 99%

A novel time domain protection technique for multi-terminal HVDC networks utilising travelling wave energy

Ikhide

Tennakoon

Griffiths

et al. 2018

Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks

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Fault vulnerability and protection issues are major challenge in realising multi-terminal HVDC transmission system, also termed HVDC grids. This paper presents a novel time domain and transient based protection technique for application to HVDC grids. The technique utilises the energy of the forward and backward travelling waves produced by a fault to distinguish between internal and external faults. For an internal fault, the calculated forward or backward travelling wave energy for a pre-set time duration following the occurrence of a fault must exceed a predetermined setting otherwise the fault is external. This characteristic is largely due to the DC inductor located at the cable ends, as per HVDC breakers or fault current limiters, which provides attenuation for the high frequency transients resulting from an external fault. The ratio between the forward travelling wave energy and the backward travelling wave energy provides directional comparison. For a forward directional fault with respect to a local relay, this ratio must be less than unity whereas the ratio is greater than unity for a reverse directional fault. The simulation results presented based on full scale Modular Multilevel Converter Based HVDC grid shows the suitability of the proposed technique. An advantage of this technique is that it is non-unit based and as such no communication delay is incurred. Furthermore, it is simple as it does not require complex mathematical/DSP technique; and as such can be easily implemented at each independent relay since it will require minimal hardware resources hence reduces cost.

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“…A local measurement-based protection scheme that uses the single-end directional start-up criterion and surge arrival time difference between the 0-mode and 1-mode TWs is proposed for VSC-MTDC [21]. An adaptive extended Kalman filter based on the maximum likelihood is proposed to estimate the instantaneous amplitudes of the TWs [22]. A pilot protection scheme that uses cosine similarity between TW on both sides of the protected line is proposed for the VSC-HVDC grid [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault detection and location in medium‐voltage DC microgrids using travelling‐wave reflections

Saleh

Hooshyar

El-Saadany

2020

IET Renewable Power Generation

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Fast dc fault detection method is required in medium-voltage dc (MVDC) microgrids to avoid severe damage to the interfacing converters. Ensuring selectivity and sensitivity of the protection system within a few milliseconds is a major challenge. This study proposes a new technique based on fault launched travelling-waves (TWs) to detect, classify, and locate different dc fault types in MVDC microgrids. Unlike the existing TW-based protection and fault location methods, the proposed technique utilises the frequency of TW reflections, rather than their arrival time. Moreover, the fault initiated voltage TW is contained within the faulted line by adding smoothing inductors on line terminals, which (i) prevents relays on adjacent lines from detecting the TW and (ii) results in higher reflected TW magnitudes. Therefore, the proposed method's selectivity and sensitivity are enhanced compared to existing methods. Other salient features of the proposed scheme include a moderate sampling frequency of 2 MHz, detection speed of 128 μs, fault location accuracy of ±25 m, no communication requirement, and independence from system configuration. The proposed scheme's performance has been assessed using a ±2.5 kV TN-S grounded MVDC microgrid under various conditions. The fault location accuracy of the proposed technique is compared to the conventional single-terminal TW-based method.

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Fault location based on travelling wave identification using an adaptive extended Kalman filter

Cited by 43 publications

References 23 publications

Surge Compression for Improved Fault Location Accuracy in Full Transient-Based Methods

Surge Compression for Improved Fault Location Accuracy in Full Transient-Based Methods

A novel time domain protection technique for multi-terminal HVDC networks utilising travelling wave energy

Fault detection and location in medium‐voltage DC microgrids using travelling‐wave reflections

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