Protection of karst aquifers in the Dinarides in Croatia

Composition and variation of major and trace elements in Croatian bottled waters

“…However, the natural chemistry of the karst groundwater is generally highly liable to change due to anthropogenic impacts. If unprotected, the Dinaric karst aquifers, particularly the spring zones, respond to the slightest change in environmental conditions (Biondić et al, 1998). Trace elements in such aquifers are obvious tracers of surface water-groundwater interaction and total metal transport to the karst springs is usually performed after the storm surface events (flows) either by particulates controlled by physical processes, or by colloids controlled by coagulation processes (Vesper and White, 2003 and references therein).…”

“…As fracture porosity dominates the entire Dinarides the physical hydrogeology of karst aquifers including the type of recharge, permeability and interconnections between fractures and conduits inevitably enhances the vulnerability of the groundwater supply system affecting the water chemistry variability in the karst springs (e.g. Biondić et al, 1998).…”

Vulnerability and protection aspects of some Dinaric karst aquifers: a synthesis

“…Snežnik, Velebit, Biokovo) have been established. Due to the poor economic development and the effective protection measures that have been very thoroughly implemented in the past four to five decades, the springs discharging in these areas are of remarkably high quality-at a level found in very few parts of the Mediterranean region outside the Dinarides (Biondić et al 1998). …”

“…The Dinaric karst has seen a number of projects aimed at reducing the negative anthropogenic impact on karst waters in the area (e.g. Biondić et al 1998;Calaforra 2004;Gabrovšek et al 2011;Zini et al 2011). Even so, many protection and management strategies fail to adhere to the latest scientific findings.…”

Analysis on the Rational Exploitation and Regulatory Storage of Karst Water Resources in the Central-South Region of Shandong Province, China

“…Li and Feng (2007) recommended the measures including (1) improvement of water use efficiency in industries, (2) comprehensive utilization of the water pumped from the mines, and (3) improvement of the irrigation practice. Biondic and Biondic (1998) proposed a categorization of spring and five basic protection zones in karst water source area. Afrasiabian (2007) suggested the recommendations for first, second and third degree levels of protection based on European standard.…”