Protection, immune responses and side effects in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) vaccinated against furunculosis by different procedures

Midtlyng, Paul J.; Reitan, Liv Jorun; Lillehaug, Atle; Ramstad, A

doi:10.1006/fsim.1996.0055

Cited by 118 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In some cases, the use of oil-adjuvanted vaccines has led to considerable side effects (Poppe & Breck 1997, Midtlyng 1998, of which the most frequently reported are injection site lesions (Midtlyng et al 1996b, Lund et al 1997, adhesions between internal organs (Midtlyng 1996, Midtlyng et al 1996a, reduced appetite and growth (Midtlyng et al 1996b, Sørum & Damsgård 2004 and malfunction of the reproductive organs. In the worst cases, a difference in weight can still be seen 1 yr after vaccination (Midtlyng 1998, Midtlyng & Lillehaug 1998, which in some cases may lead to downgrading at slaughter (Midtlyng 1996, 1997, Poppe & Breck 1997.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time of vaccination influences development of adhesions, growth and spinal deformities in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Berg¹,

Rødseth²,

Tangerås³

et al. 2006

Dis. Aquat. Org.

126

108

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In August 1998, 3000 Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. parr were divided into 7 groups with 2 replicates. Every 6 wk until March of the following year 1 group was vaccinated. One group was held as an unvaccinated control. The fish were transferred to seawater in May 1999, and slaughtered in February 2000. Temperature, fish size and photoperiod at vaccination, and the time between vaccination and sea transfer thus varied among the groups. In all vaccinated groups, growth was reduced for 1 to 2 mo following vaccination. Intra-abdominal lesions developed faster, and stabilised at a higher level in the groups vaccinated early at the highest temperature and the smallest fish size. Growth in seawater was influenced by the time of vaccination. At the end of the experiment, the group vaccinated last (MAR) was the heaviest of the vaccinated groups (4.0 kg), and the group vaccinated first, i.e. in August (AUG) was smallest (3.2 kg). Growth rate in seawater differed only in the summer when specific growth rate was above 1.45 in all groups. There was a correlation between adhesion, condition factor and number of weeks from vaccination to sea transfer. The AUG group had the highest condition factor, with a top level of 1.64 in autumn, and this group also displayed the highest incidence of deformed vertebra. The experiment shows that side effects of vaccination can be significantly reduced when planning the vaccination strategy, by taking environmental factors and fish biology into consideration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time of vaccination influences development of adhesions, growth and spinal deformities in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Berg¹,

Rødseth²,

Tangerås³

et al. 2006

Dis. Aquat. Org.

126

108

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“…Vaccinations are usually successful, but the protection is not absolute, and vaccinations often lead to reduced welfare through injuries and behavioral changes. Pathological changes after intraperitoneal vaccinations include peritonitis (8), soft tissue adhesions (9,10), and deposition of melanin (11) but also skeletal deformities (12,13). Further, the behavior of the fish is affected; intraperitoneal vaccination, using oil-based adjuvants, has been shown to reduce food intake and interest in feed, as well as swimming activity (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aeromonas salmonicida Binds Differentially to Mucins Isolated from Skin and Intestinal Regions of Atlantic Salmon in an N -Acetylneuraminic Acid-Dependent Manner

et al. 2014

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b Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection, also known as furunculosis disease, is associated with high morbidity and mortality in salmonid aquaculture. The first line of defense the pathogen encounters is the mucus layer, which is predominantly comprised of secreted mucins. Here we isolated and characterized mucins from the skin and intestinal tract of healthy Atlantic salmon and studied how A. salmonicida bound to them. The mucins from the skin, pyloric ceca, and proximal and distal intestine mainly consisted of mucins soluble in chaotropic agents. The mucin density and mucin glycan chain length from the skin were lower than were seen with mucin from the intestinal tract. A. salmonicida bound to the mucins isolated from the intestinal tract to a greater extent than to the skin mucins. The mucins from the intestinal regions had higher levels of sialylation than the skin mucins. Desialylating intestinal mucins decreased A. salmonicida binding, whereas desialylation of skin mucins resulted in complete loss of binding. In line with this, A. salmonicida also bound better to mammalian mucins with high levels of sialylation, and N-acetylneuraminic acid appeared to be the sialic acid whose presence was imperative for binding. Thus, sialylated structures are important for A. salmonicida binding, suggesting a pivotal role for sialylation in mucosal defense. The marked differences in sialylation as well as A. salmonicida binding between the skin and intestinal tract suggest interorgan differences in the host-pathogen interaction and in the mucin defense against A. salmonicida.

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“…Τα αντιβιοτικά είναι πολΰ ακριβά και προσφέρουν μόνο μικρής διάρκειας προστασία απαι τώντας πολλαπλές επαναλήψεις, ενώ αντίθετα τα εμ βόλια μπορούν να εξασφαλίσουν μεγάλης διάρκειας προστασία με μια ή δυο το πολΰ εφαρμογές (Ellis 1985), κάτω από εντατικές συνθήκες εκτροφής (Adams et al 1997). Έτσι, με την εφαρμογή των εμ βολιασμών επιτεύχθηκε η μείωση της χρήσης των α ντιβιοτικών (Midtlyng et al 1996a), και κατά συνέπεια η μείωση του κόστους παραγωγής στις μονάδες υδα τοκαλλιεργειών και η παραγωγή τελικών προϊόντων πολΰ καλΰτερης ποιότητας. Η αποτελεσματικότητα των εμβολιασμών που εφαρμόζονται σήμερα στα ψά ρια, τόσο ως προς το βαθμό ανοσίας που επιτυγχάνε ται όσο και ως προς τη διάρκεια αυτής της ανοσίας, ε ξαρτάται από πολλούς και ποικίλους παράγοντες.…”

Section: η παρούσα εργασία πραγματοποιήθηκε στα πλαίσια τον προγράμμαunclassified

“…Έτσι, οι σοβαρότερες παρενέργειες παρα τηρούνται στις περιπτώσεις που τα εμβόλια χορηγού νται με ενδοπεριτοναϊκή ένεση και περιέχουν διάφο ρες επικουρικές ουσίες (έκδοχα), η μέθοδος αυτή ω στόσο αποτελεί ταυτόχρονα και την περισσότερο α ποτελεσματική οδό χορήγησης εμβολίων (Midtlyng et al 1996a, Midtlyng et al 1996b, Anderson 1997, Evensen 2003. Επιπλέον, ευεργετική είναι και η δρά ση των επικουρικών ουσιών, όπως για παράδειγμα, η εισαγωγή των ελαιωδών επικουρικών ουσιών που ή ταν πολΰ αποτελεσματικές στον έλεγχο της δοθιήνω-σηςτων σολομοειδών (Midtlyng 1996).…”

Section: παρενεργειες των εμβολιωνunclassified

“…Ενώ, όμως, οι ουσίες αυτές είναι τόσο χρήσιμες στην αύξηση της α νοσολογικής ανταπόκρισης, συχνά επικουρικές ου σίες, όπως τα ορυκτά έλαια, προκαλούν παρενέργειες στα ψάρια, κυρίως στα σολομοειδή, που περιλαμβά νουν μειωμένους ρυθμούς ανάπτυξης, χρόνια περιτο νίτιδα, ινώδεις συμφΰσεις και κοκκιώματα στην περι τοναϊκή κοιλότητα (Εικ. 10-12) (Udey and Fryer 1978, Olivier et al 1985, Midtlyng et al 1996a, Midtlyng et al 1996b, Poppe and Breck 1997, Midtlyng and Lillehaug 1998, Bowden et al 2003, Mutoloki et al 2004. Δεδομένου ότι οι παρενέργειες των εμβολίων στα ψάρια μπορούν να έχουν σοβαρό οικονομικό α ντίκτυπο στον τομέα των υδατοκαλλιεργειών, η προ σπάθεια για παρασκευή ασφαλέστερων εμβολίων, εί ναι μείζονος σημασίας για την πρόοδο της τεχνολο γίας των εμβολίων (Midtlyng 1997, Gudding et al 1999.…”

Section: παρενεργειες των εμβολιωνunclassified

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Fish vaccination

Papadopoulos

Bitchava

Τζιρωνη)

et al. 2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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ABSTRACT. In intensive fish rearing system, fish are kept in high densities and their chance to be exposed to micro organisms that can cause infection, such as bacteria, parasites or viruses, is very high. Under these circumstances, the problem of infectious diseases is becoming very important and has significant results. Bacterial and viral diseases of the cultured fish species have led to high mortalities and have decreased the income of the fish farming industries. There are many examples in the Mediterranean Sea, in the production of sea bream (Spams aurata), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and many other cultured fish species. In the last years, this production has been followed by important outbreaks of known diseases and also by the appearance and identification of new ones. Until recently, for the control of the bacterial and parasite diseases, only antibiotics and chemical products were used that often demonstrated side effects, like residues in the fish muscle, development of resistance to the antibiotics and environmental pollution. Moreover, for the viral diseases, for which there is no treatment, the onset of the disease usually demands the destruction of the infected population. All the above, showed that there was a need to find methods to prevent the infection of the fish populations and this led to the development of vaccines. At the beginning, vaccines were produced only for the most common diseases and were easy to prepare bacterial vaccines, for example for vibriosis, furunculosis and red mouth disease (ERM). Nowadays, the production of new and more effective vaccines has began, even for diseases that are caused by viruses, like the subunit vaccines, the live recombinant and the genetic vaccines.Keywords: vaccines, Mediterranean, aquaculture ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗ. Στις υδατοκαλλιέργειες, σύμφωνα με το εντατικό σύστημα εκτροφής, τα ψάρια εκτρέφονται σε υψηλές ιχθυο-πυκνότητες και η πιθανότητα έκθεσης τους σε μικροοργανισμούς, που προκαλούν νοσήματα, όπως βακτήρια, παράσιτα ή ιοί, κατά τη διάρκεια του παραγωγικού κύκλου, είναι πολύ υψηλή. Βακτηριδιακά και ιογενή νοσήματα των εκτρεφόμενων ψαριών έ χουν προκαλέσει υψηλές θνησιμότητες και έχουν μειώσει τα οικονομικά έσοδα της βιομηχανίας των ιχθυοκαλλιεργειών. Τα πα ραδείγματα είναι πολλά. Στη Μεσόγειο, τα τελευταία χρόνια, η παραγωγή της τσιπούρας (Sparus aurata), του λαυρακιού (Dicentrarchus labrax), καθώς και διαφόρων άλλων, νέων, εκτρεφόμενων ειδών, έχει συνοδευτεί από σοβαρές εξάρσεις γνω στών νοσημάτων, καθώς και από την εμφάνιση και αναγνώριση νέων. Μέχρι πρόσφατα, για τον έλεγχο των βακτηριδιακών και παρασιτικών νοσημάτων χρησιμοποιούνταν αποκλειστικά μόνο αντιβιοτικά και χημικά προϊόντα, τα οποία όμως συχνά εμφα νίζουν ανεπιθύμητες παρενέργειες, όπως κατάλοιπα στη σάρκα των ψαριών, ανθεκτικότητα αντοχής των βακτηριδίων και μό λυνση του υδάτινου περιβάλλοντος. Επιπρόσθετα, για ιογενεις ασθένειες, για τις οποίες δεν υπάρχει θεραπεία, η εμφάνιση της ασθένειας στις εγκαταστάσεις των μονάδων συνήθως απαιτεί την καταστροφή του προσβεβλημένου πληθυσμού. Όλα ...

show abstract

Protection, immune responses and side effects in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) vaccinated against furunculosis by different procedures

Cited by 118 publications

References 21 publications

Time of vaccination influences development of adhesions, growth and spinal deformities in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Time of vaccination influences development of adhesions, growth and spinal deformities in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Aeromonas salmonicida Binds Differentially to Mucins Isolated from Skin and Intestinal Regions of Atlantic Salmon in an N -Acetylneuraminic Acid-Dependent Manner

Fish vaccination

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