Protection Coordination in Microgrids: Current Weaknesses, Available Solutions and Future Challenges

Saldarriaga-Zuluaga, Sergio D.; López-Lezama, Jesús M.; Muñóz-Galeano, Nicolás

doi:10.1109/tla.2020.9387642

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…An hourly power model was adopted for the PV array (E pv t ), which is calculated using Equation (1). A more in-depth description of this model is presented in [39].…”

Section: Pv Array Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A microgrid (MG) can be defined as a group of distributed generators (DGs), storage devices and loads, which are connected to a main grid through a controllable switchgear, providing reliable and safe electrical power to a local community [1]. MGs allow for the massive incorporation of renewable DGs, representing a new and powerful alternative to meet the needs of a growing energy demand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sizing Assessment of Islanded Microgrids Considering Total Investment Cost and Tax Benefits in Colombia

et al. 2022

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This paper deals with the optimal sizing of islanded microgrids (MGs), which use diesel generators to supply energy in off-grid areas. The MG under study integrates photovoltaic (PV) and diesel generation, a battery energy storage System (BESS), and an inverter for the connection between AC and DC voltage buses. Levelised cost of energy (LCOE) and annual system cost (ASC) are considered economic indicators, while the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) is used as a reliability indicator. Fiscal incentives such as the tax benefits and accelerated depreciation applied in Colombia are considered for the optimally sizing of each MG element. Solar measurements were taken at a weather station located in the main campus of Universidad de Antioquia in Medellin, Colombia at a latitude of 6.10 and longitude of −75.38. The objective function is the minimization of the total energy delivered from the power sources that successfully meets the load. The model was implemented in Python programming language considering several scenarios. Two cases were evaluated: the first one considered PV panels, a BESS and a diesel generator, while the second one only considered PV panels and a BESS. The option that does not include the diesel generator turned out to be the most expensive, since additional PV and BESS resources are required to meet the load profile. Furthermore, it was found that the LCOE was lower when tax benefits were taken into account.

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“…An hourly power model was adopted for the PV array (E pv t ), which is calculated using Equation (1). A more in-depth description of this model is presented in [39].…”

Section: Pv Array Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sizing Assessment of Islanded Microgrids Considering Total Investment Cost and Tax Benefits in Colombia

et al. 2022

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“…Inverters are widely used in the distributed generation systems and microgrid. [1][2][3] They can be divided into gridconnected inverters and off-grid inverters. [4][5][6] The grid-connected inverters operate at grid-connected mode, which provide the power generated by the PV array or the wind turbine to the grid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inverters are widely used in the distributed generation systems and microgrid 1–3 . They can be divided into grid‐connected inverters and off‐grid inverters 4–6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single‐stage buck‐boost off‐grid inverter with feedforward control

Yao

Liang

2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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Summary Since the output voltage accuracy of the off‐grid inverter is low with the proportional‐integral (PI) control and a two‐stage inverter is often used in the low input voltage application, a single‐stage buck‐boost off‐grid inverter with feedforward control is proposed. The proposed inverter consists of a buck‐boost converter and a full‐bridge inverter. The buck‐boost converter operates at high frequency, while the full‐bridge inverter operates at line frequency. Therefore, the intermediate bus voltage is controlled as the unipolar half‐cycle sinusoidal voltage wave to reduce the voltage stress of semiconductors, and film capacitors can be used as intermediate bus capacitors for high reliability and high power density. The operating principle is illustrated. Design guidelines and example are given. The stability analysis and external characteristic analysis are given. A 500‐W proposed inverter is constructed to verify the theoretical analysis.

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“…A microgrid is a group of interconnected loads along with distributed energy resources (DERs) within the well-defined electrical boundaries, which acts as a single controllable entity to the electrical grid [1][2][3][4][5]. The microgrid can be operated in the grid-connected mode (GCM) and islanded mode (ISM) when connected and disconnected from the utility grid respectively [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Relay Coordination in a Microgrid with the Determination of Common Optimal Settings Based on Different Objective Functions

Niranjan

Singh

Choudhary

2022

Int. j. eng. technol. innov.

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This study aims to analyze the optimal settings of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) for the protection of an alternating current (AC) microgrid in both islanded and grid-connected operation modes. In this context, two different types of objective functions are used for comparing the total operating time of all primary DOCRs. The optimal settings obtained in either mode of the microgrid are different due to the variable magnitude of fault currents. The proposed protection coordination scheme is formulated as a mixed-integer non-linear programming problem, and the settings are obtained using various optimization techniques such as firefly algorithm, simulated annealing algorithm, and genetic algorithm. The results show that the settings obtained in common operation modes are robust as no miscoordination of relays occurs in any of the operation modes.

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Protection Coordination in Microgrids: Current Weaknesses, Available Solutions and Future Challenges

Cited by 19 publications

References 67 publications

Sizing Assessment of Islanded Microgrids Considering Total Investment Cost and Tax Benefits in Colombia

Sizing Assessment of Islanded Microgrids Considering Total Investment Cost and Tax Benefits in Colombia

Single‐stage buck‐boost off‐grid inverter with feedforward control

Comparative Study of Relay Coordination in a Microgrid with the Determination of Common Optimal Settings Based on Different Objective Functions

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