Protecting the Body in War and Combat

Mödlinger, Marianne

doi:10.1553/0x00370a6d

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Data from a series of 107 copper/bronze objects from the Bronze Age onwards, mainly recovered from sites in central Europe, are presented from different Austrian museums, such as the MAMUZ (Asparn an der Zaya), the University of Innsbruck (Innsbruck), as well as the Natural History and the Art History Museum (Vienna), previously studied by conventional techniques. [33][34][35][36] Complementary experiments on medieval objects and modern coins already described [31] are also reported. Figure 1 shows photographic images of some of the Bronze Age objects studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is then hypothesized that the gradient of the tenorite/cuprite ratio (accessible by multiple‐scan voltammetry) rather than its ‘absolute’ value in the external patina (determined by single‐scan voltammetry), can be taken as an age marker suitable for constructing a calibration curve. Data from a series of 107 copper/bronze objects from the Bronze Age onwards, mainly recovered from sites in central Europe, are presented from different Austrian museums, such as the MAMUZ (Asparn an der Zaya), the University of Innsbruck (Innsbruck), as well as the Natural History and the Art History Museum (Vienna), previously studied by conventional techniques [33–36] . Complementary experiments on medieval objects and modern coins already described [31] are also reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Approximation to Bronze Age Chronology via Multiple Scan Voltammetry

Doménech‐Carbó,

Mödlinger,

Osete‐Cortina

et al. 2023

ChemElectroChem

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Insert A multiple‐scan voltammetry strategy is described and applied to a set of 107 Bronze Age and later copper/bronze objects, mainly from sites in Central Europe. This methodology allows the study of the compositional and textural properties (compactness, crystallinity, degree of hydration) of the patina to be studied from the accumulated peak current values for the characteristic signals corresponding to the reduction of cuprite and tenorite to metallic copper. A new model for the relationship between peak current and the depth reached in successive scans is presented and used to discriminate samples of different provenance and manufacturing technique, as well as their ascription to different Bronze Age periods

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Approximation to Bronze Age Chronology via Multiple Scan Voltammetry

Doménech‐Carbó,

Mödlinger,

Osete‐Cortina

et al. 2023

ChemElectroChem

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“…Armour, mainly to protect the chest, is known to have been used in the Late Bronze Age (from c. 1300 BC), and helmets and greaves were also worn 54 . It is, of course, possible that armour made of an organic material such as leather already existed in the Early Bronze Age or even earlier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design found on a stele at Petit-Chasseur, Switzerland, may represent such armour 55 (p. 83). Finds of damaged and repaired cuirasses show that even metal armour does not offer one hundred percent protection 54 (pp. 207–209).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioarchaeological investigations of the princely grave at Helmsdorf attesting to the violent death of an Early Bronze Age leader

Nicklisch

Ramsthaler

Bunnefeld

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The Helmsdorf “princely” tomb, excavated at the beginning of the twentieth century, is one of the most important archaeological discoveries dating from the Early Bronze Age in central Germany. In addition to the burial inventory, which points to an elevated social position of the deceased, a number of highly fragmented skeletal remains were preserved. Forensic anthropological investigation identified three distinctive bone defects, the surfaces of which were macromorphologically and microscopically examined in greater detail. Micro-CT analyses were also carried out. The results of all examinations suggested that the defects represented three perimortem injuries. The wound morphology was indicative of the use of a bladed weapon. The combination of injuries and their locations supported the assumption of a targeted use of force to kill. A comparison of Early Bronze Age weapons and tools with the bone lesions led to the identification of a type of weapon possibly used in the attack.

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“…Most of these objects have previously been studied using conventional techniques. [32][33][34][35][36] The MÀ S data are complemented by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and VIMP measurements carried out on the same set of samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mott–Schottky Analysis of Historical and Archaeological Copper–based Objects

Doménech‐Carbó,

Mödlinger,

Osete‐Cortina

et al. 2024

ChemElectroChem

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The application of Mott–Schottky (M−S) analysis of impedance data to sub–micro samples extracted from the corrosion patina of copper, bronze, and brass archaeological artifacts attached to graphite electrodes is described. The corresponding theoretical approach is developed to account for the contribution of the composition and structure of the corrosion patina and the effect of the bare graphite substrate. Experimental data in contact with 0.10 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution at pH 6.28 are consistent with the p‐type semiconducting nature of the main copper corrosion products, cuprite, and tenorite. The values of the apparent flat band potential and the slope of the M−S plots allow archaeological samples to be grouped according to their M−S parameters (slopes and intercepts). Assuming equivalent conditions of corrosion, the resulting grouping is judged to be dependent on the composition, and/or method of manufacture, and/or age. Studied samples include Renaissance statues from the Hofkirche in Innsbruck and a variety of objects from museums and Archaeological Heritage Office (soprintendenza) in Austria (Bad Aussee, Johanneum Graz, and the Tyrolean State Museums), and Italy (Genoa and San Remo), dating from the Bronze Age to the 18th century. Complementary data are provided by voltammetry of immobilized particles.

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Protecting the Body in War and Combat

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Electrochemical Approximation to Bronze Age Chronology via Multiple Scan Voltammetry

Electrochemical Approximation to Bronze Age Chronology via Multiple Scan Voltammetry

Bioarchaeological investigations of the princely grave at Helmsdorf attesting to the violent death of an Early Bronze Age leader

Mott–Schottky Analysis of Historical and Archaeological Copper–based Objects

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