Protect from Light: Photodegradation and Protein Biologics

Kerwin, Bruce A.; Remmele, Richard L.

doi:10.1002/jps.20815

Cited by 313 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, including SEPs, the expected NO x production will deplete a planet's O 3 by ∼95%, requiring centuries for the O 3 column density to re-equilibrate after a flaring event ends. This can allow harmful (Voet et al 1963;Matsunaga et al 1991;Tevini 1993;Kerwin & Remmele 2007) or bio-catalyzing (Senanayake & Idriss 2006;Barks et al 2010;Ritson & Sutherland 2012;Patel et al 2015;Airapetian et al 2016) UV radiation to penetrate to the surface.…”

Section: Flares and Energetic Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The MUSCLES Treasury Survey. IV. Scaling Relations for Ultraviolet, Ca ii K, and Energetic Particle Fluxes from M Dwarfs

Youngblood

Loyd

Brown

et al. 2017

ApJ

105

113

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Characterizing the UV spectral energy distribution (SED) of an exoplanet host star is critically important for assessing its planet's potential habitability, particularly for M dwarfs, as they are prime targets for current and nearterm exoplanet characterization efforts and atmospheric models predict that their UV radiation can produce photochemistry on habitable zone planets different from that on Earth. To derive ground-based proxies for UV emission for use when Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations are unavailable, we have assembled a sample of 15 early to mid-M dwarfs observed by HST and compared their nonsimultaneous UV and optical spectra. We find that the equivalent width of the chromospheric Ca IIKline at 3933 Å, when corrected for spectral type, can be used to estimate the stellar surface flux in ultraviolet emission lines, including H ILyα. In addition, we address another potential driver of habitability: energetic particle fluxes associated with flares. We present a new technique for estimating soft X-ray and >10 MeV proton flux during far-UV emission line flares (Si IV and He II) by assuming solar-like energy partitions. We analyze several flares from the M4 dwarf GJ 876 observed with HST and Chandra as part of the MUSCLES Treasury Survey and find that habitable zone planets orbiting GJ 876 are impacted by large Carrington-like flares with peak soft X-ray fluxes 10 −3 W m −2 and possible proton fluxes ∼10 2 -10 3 pfu, approximately four orders of magnitude more frequently than modern-day Earth.

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Section: Flares and Energetic Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The MUSCLES Treasury Survey. IV. Scaling Relations for Ultraviolet, Ca ii K, and Energetic Particle Fluxes from M Dwarfs

Youngblood

Loyd

Brown

et al. 2017

ApJ

105

113

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“…However, for these therapeutics the doses per application are quite high reaching protein concentration up to 100 mg/ml. For such protein dosage forms, beyond chemical stability, physical and colloidal stability of the protein in an aqueous solution becomes of high relevance [3][4][5][6][7]. The main physical degradation encountered is protein aggregation, which reduces bioactivity and product quality [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A thermodynamic analysis of the binding interaction between polysorbate 20 and 80 with human serum albumins and immunoglobulins: A contribution to understand colloidal protein stabilisation

Garidel

Hoffmann

Blume

2009

Biophysical Chemistry

103

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“…Despite these great developments, the vast majority of the current approaches rely on either light activation or the use of additional reagents such as reducing agents and enzymes 25. However, photomediated methods can be incompatible with specific enzymes and proteins as their secondary structure can be disrupted through irradiation 26, 27, 28. In addition, utilizing light as an external stimuli may limit the monomer pool as strongly absorbing monomers, including chromophores, would be incompatible with these techniques 29, 30.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper‐Mediated Polymerization without External Deoxygenation or Oxygen Scavengers

et al. 2018

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As a method for overcoming the challenge of rigorous deoxygenation in copper‐mediated controlled radical polymerization processes [e.g., atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)], reported here is a simple Cu0‐RDRP (RDRP=reversible deactivation radical polymerization) system in the absence of external additives (e.g., reducing agents, enzymes etc.). By simply adjusting the headspace of the reaction vessel, a wide range of monomers, namely acrylates, methacrylates, acrylamides, and styrene, can be polymerized in a controlled manner to yield polymers with low dispersities, near‐quantitative conversions, and high end‐group fidelity. Significantly, this approach is scalable (ca. 125 g), tolerant to elevated temperatures, compatible with both organic and aqueous media, and does not rely on external stimuli which may limit the monomer pool. The robustness and versatility of this methodology is further demonstrated by the applicability to other copper‐mediated techniques, including conventional ATRP and light‐mediated approaches.

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Protect from Light: Photodegradation and Protein Biologics

Cited by 313 publications

References 38 publications

The MUSCLES Treasury Survey. IV. Scaling Relations for Ultraviolet, Ca ii K, and Energetic Particle Fluxes from M Dwarfs

The MUSCLES Treasury Survey. IV. Scaling Relations for Ultraviolet, Ca ii K, and Energetic Particle Fluxes from M Dwarfs

A thermodynamic analysis of the binding interaction between polysorbate 20 and 80 with human serum albumins and immunoglobulins: A contribution to understand colloidal protein stabilisation

Copper‐Mediated Polymerization without External Deoxygenation or Oxygen Scavengers

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