Proteases Production and Chitin Preparation from the Liquid Fermentation of Chitinous Fishery By-Products by Paenibacillus elgii

Abstract

Chitinous fishery by-products have great application in the production of various bioactive compounds. In this study, Paenibacillus elgii TKU051, a protease-producing bacterial strain, was isolated using a medium containing 1% squid pens powder (SPP) as the sole carbon/nitrogen (C/N) source. P. elgii TKU051 was found to produce at least four proteases with molecular weights of 100 kDa, 57 kDa, 43 kDa, and 34 kDa (determined by the gelatin zymography method). A P. elgii TkU051 crude enzyme cocktail was optimally active at pH 6–7 and 60 °C. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the hydrolysates obtained from the hydrolysis of shrimp shell powder, shrimp head powder, shrimp meat powder, fish head powder and soya bean powder catalyzed by the P. elgii TkU051 crude enzyme cocktail were also evaluated. P. elgii TKU051 exhibited a high deproteinization capacity (over 94%) on different kinds of shrimp waste (shrimp heads and shells; fresh and cooked shrimp waste; shrimp waste dried by oven and lyophilizer), and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy profile of the chitin obtained from the deproteinization process displayed the characteristic of chitin. Finally, the obtained chitin exhibited an effect comparable to commercial chitin in terms of adsorption against Congo Red (90.48% and 90.91%, respectively). Thus, P. elgii TKU051 showed potential in the reclamation of chitinous fishery by-products for proteases production and chitin extraction.

Novel α-Amylase Inhibitor Hemi-Pyocyanin Produced by Microbial Conversion of Chitinous Discards

“…Bacterial growth was also assessed but showed no correlation with aAI production (data not shown); thus, this factor was also not taken into account in the subsequent experiments. Shrimp industrial waste has been used for the production of chitin, protein, carotenoids, dye adsorbents, enzymes, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor compounds [ 2 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Shrimp head is also used as fish meal [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Conversion of Fishery Waste to Proteases by Streptomyces speibonae and Their Application in Antioxidant Preparation

“…Different kinds of substrate were used to study the substrate specificity of S. speibonae TKU048 protease, including keratin, HSA, fibrinogen, BSA, myoglobulin, elastin, gelatin, collagen, hemoglobulin, casein. To determine substrate specificity, this study followed the techniques from the previous report [12], with some modifications. Pre-incubation was started by mixing 50 µL of the S. speibonae TKU048 s crude-enzyme cocktail and 100 µL of each proteinaceous material (1% (w/v) in 100 mM of NPB, pH 5.8).…”

“…Their catalytic function is expressed through their ability to hydrolyze the peptide bonds in the Fishes 2022, 7, 140 2 of 16 protein molecules. Industrially, proteases have long been used in pharmaceutical, feed, leather, detergent, and food industries [12]. Industrial proteases could be produced by a wide spectrum of living organisms, including animals (i.e., rennin from the calf), plants (i.e., papain from papaya and bromelain from bromelin), and microbes (i.e., subtilisin A from Bacillus licheniformis, pronase E from Streptomyces sp.…”

Production of Thermophilic Chitinase by Paenibacillus sp. TKU052 by Bioprocessing of Chitinous Fishery Wastes and Its Application in N-acetyl-D-glucosamine Production

“…Chitin, especially in colloidal form, is a widely used supplement to the chitinase-producing medium as an inducer or a nutrient source. Chemical treatment is a mandatory step to produce chitin from chitinous materials, thereby possibly leading to environmental pollution and increased production cost of the processes using chitin [34,35]. Therefore, CFWs are being assessed as an effective alternative for the cost-effective production of microbial chitinases.…”