Prostatic hyperplasia in acromegaly, a myth or reality: a case–control study

Kumar, Santosh; Yadav, R. N. S.; Gupta, Prakamya; Gaspar, Balan Louis; Kakkar, Nandita; Verma, Alka; Parthan, Girish; Bhansali, Anil; Mukherjee, Kanchan Kumar; Korbonits, Márta; Dutta, Pinaki

doi:10.1530/eje-14-0698

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Indeed, BPH is reported in approximately half the acromegalic subjects 65,67 and the prevalence of parenchymal alterations (ie, cysts, calcifications and nodules) is also increased 65,66,68 . Slight increase in PSA levels and International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) are also reported in these patients, although prostatic symptoms are often absent 67,69 . Moreover, as results from a large population study, prostatic cancer (PCa) incidence is increased both in healthy individuals with IGF‐I levels in the upper reference range 70,71 and in acromegalic patients 72 .…”

Section: Physiology Of Crosstalk: the Chicken And The Eggmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, in acromegaly, PV mostly correlates with duration of disease, rather than patients’ age 65 . Indeed, BPH is reported in approximately half the acromegalic subjects 65,67 and the prevalence of parenchymal alterations (ie, cysts, calcifications and nodules) is also increased 65,66,68 . Slight increase in PSA levels and International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) are also reported in these patients, although prostatic symptoms are often absent 67,69 .…”

Section: Physiology Of Crosstalk: the Chicken And The Eggmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…65,66,68 Slight increase in PSA levels and International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) are also reported in these patients, although prostatic symptoms are often absent. 67,69 Moreover, as results from a large population study, prostatic cancer (PCa) incidence is increased both in healthy individuals with IGF-I levels in the upper reference range 70,71 and in acromegalic patients. 72 However, a recent meta-analysis of 23 studies in acromegaly reveals some potential sources of bias in the association between acromegaly and PCa: for example, cancer incidence was more pronounced in smaller and single-center studies (selection bias) and the enlarged PV in acromegaly may lead to more frequent US examination (diagnostic workup bias).…”

Section: How the Extratesticular Effects Of Gh And Igf-i Impact Thementioning

confidence: 99%

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Somatotropic‐Testicular Axis: A crosstalk between GH/IGF‐I and gonadal hormones during development, transition, and adult age

et al. 2020

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Background The hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamic‐pituitary‐somatotropic (HPS) axes are strongly interconnected. Interactions between these axes are complex and poorly understood. These interactions are characterized by redundancies in reciprocal influences at each level of regulation and the combination of endocrine and paracrine effects that change during development. Objectives To comprehensively review the crosstalk between the HPG and HPS axes and related pathological and clinical aspects during various life stages of male subjects. Materials and methods A thorough search of publications available in PubMed was performed using proper keywords. Results Molecular studies confirmed the expressions of growth hormone (GH) and insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) receptors on the HPG axis and reproductive organs, indicating a possible interaction between HPS and HPG axes at various levels. Insulin growth factors participate in sexual differentiation during fetal development, indicating that normal HPS axis activity is required for proper testicular development. IGF‐I contributes to correct testicular position during minipuberty, determines linear growth during childhood, and promotes puberty onset and pace through gonadotropin‐releasing hormone activation. IGF‐I levels are high during transition age, even when linear growth is almost complete, suggesting its role in reproductive tract maturation. Patients with GH deficiency (GHD) and insensitivity (GHI) exhibit delayed puberty and impaired genital development; replacement therapy in such patients induces proper pubertal development. In adults, few studies have suggested that lower IGF‐I levels are associated with impaired sperm parameters. Discussion and conclusion The role of GH‐IGF‐I in testicular development remains largely unexplored. However, it is important to evaluate gonadic development in children with GHD. Additionally, HPS axis function should be evaluated in children with urogenital malformation or gonadal development alterations. Correct diagnosis and prompt therapeutic intervention are needed for healthy puberty, attainment of complete gonadal development during transition age, and fertility potential in adulthood.

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Section: Physiology Of Crosstalk: the Chicken And The Eggmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiology Of Crosstalk: the Chicken And The Eggmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How the Extratesticular Effects Of Gh And Igf-i Impact Thementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Somatotropic‐Testicular Axis: A crosstalk between GH/IGF‐I and gonadal hormones during development, transition, and adult age

et al. 2020

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“…Finally, Kumar et al also reported an increased frequency of ultrasound alterations and increased prostate volume in subjects with acromegaly, with a greater prevalence of obstructive urological symptoms. However, given the low clinical impact of the detected alterations, authors questioned about the usefulness of a routine prostate evaluation in this category of subjects [ 44 ], an argument that is still a matter of debate, so much so that in the Consensus of experts dedicated to the management of complications, prostate evaluation is not included among the systematic evaluations [ 6 ].…”

Section: Acromegaly and Prostatic Hypertrophymentioning

confidence: 99%

Acromegaly and male sexual health

Salvio

Martino

Balercia

et al. 2022

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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Acromegaly is a rare pathology characterized by chronic hypersecretion of Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) that causes somatic, metabolic, and systemic changes. The somatotropic axis acts physiologically favoring gonadal function, but when GH is produced in excess it has deleterious effects on many aspects of male sexuality. It is widely demonstrated, in fact, that acromegaly induces hypogonadism through different mechanisms, both through direct mass effect on gonadotropic cells and through increased plasma levels of prolactin. Moreover, hypogonadism is also one of the factors linking acromegaly to erectile dysfunction (ED), but also metabolic complications of acromegaly and, probably, GH itself contribute to the genesis of this disorder. There are few data in the literature on the impact of the disease on fertility and testicular volume. Finally, knowledge of the role of GH hypersecretion on the occurrence of prostatic diseases such as benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostatic cancer appears to be of fundamental clinical importance in the long-term management of these patients.

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Comparative RNA-sequencing analysis of the prostate in a mouse model of benign prostatic hyperplasia with bladder outlet obstruction

Tang

Liu²,

Ren³

et al. 2023

Mol Cell Biochem

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In ageing men, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a chronic disease that leads to progressive lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by obstruction of the bladder outlet (BOO). Patients with LUTS (such as increased frequency and urgency of urination) and complications of BOO (such as hydronephrosis and bladder stones) are at risk of serious health problems. BPH causes a rapidly rising burden of LUTS far exceeding that of other urological conditions. Treatment outcomes are unsatisfactory for BPH largely due to the lacking of fully understanding of the pathogenesis. Hormonal imbalances related to androgen and oestrogen can cause BPH, but the exact mechanism is still unknown, even the animal model is not fully understood. Additionally, there are no large-scale data to explain this mechanism. A BPH mouse model was established using mixed slow-release pellets of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2), and we measured gene expression in mouse prostate tissue using RNA-seq, verified the results using qRT‒PCR, and used bioinformatics methods to analyse the differentially expressed genes (DEGs).

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Prostatic hyperplasia in acromegaly, a myth or reality: a case–control study

Cited by 11 publications

References 38 publications

Somatotropic‐Testicular Axis: A crosstalk between GH/IGF‐I and gonadal hormones during development, transition, and adult age

Somatotropic‐Testicular Axis: A crosstalk between GH/IGF‐I and gonadal hormones during development, transition, and adult age

Acromegaly and male sexual health

Comparative RNA-sequencing analysis of the prostate in a mouse model of benign prostatic hyperplasia with bladder outlet obstruction

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