Prostate specific membrane antigen expression in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma

Bostwick, David G.; Pacelli, Anna; Blute, Michael L.; Roche, Patrick C.; Murphy, Gerald P.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19980601)82:11<2256::aid-cncr22>3.0.co;2-s

Cited by 594 publications

(392 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…[3][4][5] Recent studies have demonstrated variable levels of FH(PSA)1 expression in numerous other tissue types, including cardiac tissue, pancreatic islet cells, lung adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. 6 Some studies have demonstrated FH(PSA)1 expression in the normal urothelium; however, conflicting results make the true expression pattern unclear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Folate hydrolase (prostate-specific antigen) 1 expression in bladder cancer subtypes and associated tumor neovasculature

et al. 2011

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confidence: 99%

Folate hydrolase (prostate-specific antigen) 1 expression in bladder cancer subtypes and associated tumor neovasculature

et al. 2011

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“…Moreover, we could confirm that PSA was strongly expressed in normal tissue but expression intensity was lower in neoplastic prostatic tissue. 2,20 PSAP was the first human tumor marker ever described in prostate cancer. 21 Goldstein 19 showed a decreased PSAP immunoreactivity in prostate cancers with higher Gleason score.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of different prostatic markers in lymph node and distant metastases of prostate cancer

Queisser¹,

Hagedorn²,

Braun³

et al. 2015

Modern Pathology

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Prostate cancer is mostly diagnosed at an early stage; however, some tumors are diagnosed in a metastatic stage as cancer of unknown primary origin. In order to allow specific treatment in the case of prostate cancer presenting as cancer of unknown primary origin, it is important to determine the tumor origin. Prostate-specific antigen is used as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer but the expression declines with progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer. Aim of this study was to identify the most informative marker constellation, which is able to detect metastatic prostate cancer at high sensitivity. The widely used prostate cancer markers such as prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific acid phosphatase, androgen receptor, prostate-specific membrane antigen, prostein, and ETS-related gene were investigated for their sensitivity to detect prostatic origin of metastases. Expression of prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific acid phosphatase, androgen receptor, prostate-specific membrane antigen, prostein, and ETS-related gene was determined on archived tissue specimens consisting of benign prostatic tissue (n ¼ 9), primary prostate cancer (n ¼ 79), lymph node metastases (n ¼ 58), and distant metastases (n ¼ 39) using immunohistochemistry. The staining intensity was categorized as negative (0), weak (1), moderate (2), and strong (3). All markers except ETS-related gene were able to detect at least 70% of lymph node metastases and distant metastases, with prostate-specific antigen, androgen receptor, and prostate-specific membrane antigen having the highest sensitivity (97%, 91%, and 94%, respectively). A further increase of the sensitivity up to 98% and 100% could be achieved by the combination of prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen, or androgen receptor for lymph node metastases and for distant metastases, respectively. The same sensitivity could be reached by combining prostate-specific membrane antigen and prostein. Our data show that a combined staining of at least two prostate markers should be utilized to identify metastases as originating from prostate cancer. Modern Pathology (2015) 28, 138-145; doi:10.1038/modpathol.2014 published online 13 June 2014 Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-epidermal cancer and second-most common cancer-related cause of death in men in the western world. 1 The patients' death is often caused by the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Most prostate cancers are detected early in a localized stage; however, in some cases, metastases can be the first manifestation of a prostate cancer. 2 Unlike other carcinomas, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer responds to hormonal therapy and therefore the identification of the tumor origin is important in order to allow specific treatment. Male patients with a metastatic adenocarcinoma are routinely assessed for prostatic origin using prostate-specific immunohistochemistry markers like prostate-specific antigen (PSA). 3 PSA is highly expressed in benign prosta...

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“…27,28 In addition, ischemia-induced angiogenesis is reduced in eNOS knockout mice, 29 and in rat models, oral folate can rescue this process in a NO-dependent manner. 30 eNOS production of NO depends on the cofactor BH 4 . 31 The active form of folic acid, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, restores BH 4 to allow participation in eNOS reactions.…”

Section: Psma Expression In Tumor Neovasculaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Originally, PSMA expression was identified in prostate cancer cells 3 and was subsequently shown to be consistently expressed in prostatic carcinoma as well as benign prostatic tissue. 4 Normal epithelium of benign tissue has also been shown to express PSMA, including epithelium of the duodenum, kidney, endometrium, and breast. [5][6][7] PSMA has also been shown to be expressed in endothelial cells of neovasculature from a variety of tumors, including breast and renal cell carcinoma.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in regeneration and repair

et al. 2008

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Prostate-specific membrane antigen is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein, expressed in benign and neoplastic prostatic tissue as well as endothelial cells of neovasculature from a variety of tumors. The expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen in nonneoplastic neovasculature has not been well studied. Therefore, we studied nonneoplastic reparative and regenerative human tissues, as well as preneoplastic tissue, to determine the presence of prostate-specific membrane antigen-expressing neovasculature. Formalinfixed paraffin-embedded tissue from keloids, granulation tissue from heart valves and pleura, proliferative and secretory endometrium, and Barrett's mucosa with and without dysplasia were stained for the expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (3E6). Vessels of proliferative, mid-secretory, and late secretory endometrium were consistently strongly positive for prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in all ten cases of each type (100%). Vessels associated with granulation tissue from pleural peels and heart valves were positive in 10 of 12 cases (83%) and 7 of 10 cases (70%), respectively. Keloids had prostate-specific membrane antigen-expressing endothelial cells in 6 of 15 cases (40%). Prostate-specific membrane antigen was not expressed by vessels associated with Barrett's mucosa with low-grade dysplasia (12 foci), high-grade dysplasia (24 foci), or no dysplasia (18 foci). A variety of nonneoplastic neovasculature expresses prostatespecific membrane antigen, including vessels in proliferative endometrium, granulation tissue, and some scars. This is the first study showing that prostate-specific membrane antigen is expressed in neovasculature from physiologic regenerative and reparative conditions. The folate hydrolase activity of prostate-specific membrane antigen may facilitate vasculogenesis and angiogenesis by increasing local availability of folic acid. These findings will enhance our overall understanding of blood vessel development and will enable us to better understand the effects of anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen therapies, which are already being explored in clinical trials.

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Prostate specific membrane antigen expression in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma

Cited by 594 publications

References 22 publications

Folate hydrolase (prostate-specific antigen) 1 expression in bladder cancer subtypes and associated tumor neovasculature

Folate hydrolase (prostate-specific antigen) 1 expression in bladder cancer subtypes and associated tumor neovasculature

Comparison of different prostatic markers in lymph node and distant metastases of prostate cancer

Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in regeneration and repair

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