Prostate Cancer: How Young is too Young?

Gupta, Sahil; Gupta, Arjun; Saini, Ashish; Majumder, Kaustav; Sinha, K.; Chahal, Anurag

doi:10.1159/000447143

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…On the other end of spectrum, anyone above 80 years with LUTS that have undergone TURP, independent of PSA level, were found to have Prostate Carcinoma whereas, no such patient was diagnosed of having BPH. Most studies show that BPH develops earlier than Carcinoma Prostate 15 . In our study it is seen that BPH develops earlier (mean age: 60.56±7.32) than Carcinoma Prostate (mean age: 67.67±7.68).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of Age and Serum Prostatic-Specific Antigen level with Histopathological diagnosis in Transurethral Resection of Prostate specimen, an Experience from Eastern Tertiary Hospital

Shah¹,

Pandey²

2019

J. Nepalgunj Med. College

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Background: Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) is a protease secreted by epithelial cells of prostate. Serum PSA level is increased when the normal structure of gland is destroyed by benign or malignant tumor or inflammation. Though there is established relation between PSA plasma level and age among the two most common prostate diseases (Benign prostatic hyperplasia and Carcinoma Prostate) in the literature, relation has not been explored in our part of the world, therefore, this study was done to see the relation between age and PSA amount with Prostate diseases. Material and Methods: This was a Cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary hospital, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Review Committee (IRC). All the cases of prostate diseases presenting to urology department undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) were included. Histopathology report of TURP specimen were collected from department of pathology and the relationship between diagnosis, PSA level and age were established. Results: BPH was the most common diagnosis (72.41%). Age of BPH patients ranged from 48-78 years and mean age with SD was 60.56±7.32. Median age with interquartile range was 61.00. Similarly, in the BPH group, PSA value ranged between 0.80-15.40 ng/ml with mean PSA value along with SD being 5.64±4.16 ng/ml. Similarly, Median PSA value with interquartile range was 4.20ng/ml. Carcinoma Prostate (27.59%) was the second most common diagnosis. Histological type of all cases diagnosed as cancer was adenocarcinoma. Their age ranged between 54-83. Their mean age with SD was 67.67±7.68. Similarly, Median age with interquartile range was 68.00. PSA value in this group ranged between 8.50-147.30 ng/ml. Again, the mean PSA value with SD is 55.72±33.40 ng/ml. Similarly, Median PSA value with interquartile range is 54.30 ng/ml. Conclusion: PSA level in the blood of men over 40years is highly correlated with a Age, irrespective of diagnosis. In above 40 age group, with advancing age, Carcinoma Prostate becomes more and more common diagnosis than BPH. Similarly, average PSA level is higher in Carcinoma Prostate than BPH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of Age and Serum Prostatic-Specific Antigen level with Histopathological diagnosis in Transurethral Resection of Prostate specimen, an Experience from Eastern Tertiary Hospital

Shah¹,

Pandey²

2019

J. Nepalgunj Med. College

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“…Prostate cancer is considered a disease of the elderly with risk increasing with advancing age. It occurs rarely in younger men and when it does it is usually an undifferentiated disease which is aggressive with resultant poor prognosis [13]. The peak age in our cohort of patients with metastasis at presentation was 51-70 years, with one patient in the age group of 31-40 years being diagnosed with metastatic disease?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Metastatic Profile of Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer Patients in Calabar, South- South Nigeria

Bassey¹,

Isiwele²

2020

EASMS

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African men tend to present late with advanced prostate cancer (CaP) making prognosis grave despite treatment. This study was carried out to document findings in patients with metastatic prostate cancer at presentation. Seventeen (17) patients with metastatic CaP at presentation who had complete data were recruited. Peak age group was between 51 and 70 years of age with the commonest site of metastasis being bone (68.42%) and 2 patients (10.52%) having multiple sites of metastasis. The PSA range was 5.5-140 ng/ml with most patients having values above 20ng/ml and most patients were found to be within the higher prognostic grade groups. Metastatic prostate cancer is a challenge in our setting and there is need for routine screening for this disease.

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“…Further, clinical experiences with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands (PPAR ligands), which directly block the Warburg effect, yielded discordant results in terms of PSA control in 2 consecutive phase II trials [ 176 , 177 ]. Although early development of prostate cancer in younger patients is recorded [ 178 ], current standard screening measures do not include patients under 45–50 years [ 179 ]. While strategies for early screening are currently under investigation, already available information points at metabolomics and radiomics to improve early diagnosis and personalised treatment opportunities [ 5 ].…”

Section: The Warburg Effect From a Clinical Perspective: Status Quomentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids against the Warburg phenotype—concepts of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine to cut the Gordian knot of cancer cell metabolism

et al. 2020

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The Warburg effect is characterised by increased glucose uptake and lactate secretion in cancer cells resulting from metabolic transformation in tumour tissue. The corresponding molecular pathways switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, due to changes in glucose degradation mechanisms known as the 'Warburg reprogramming' of cancer cells. Key glycolytic enzymes, glucose transporters and transcription factors involved in the Warburg transformation are frequently dysregulated during carcinogenesis considered as promising diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as treatment targets. Flavonoids are molecules with pleiotropic activities. The metabolism-regulating anticancer effects of flavonoids are broadly demonstrated in preclinical studies. Flavonoids modulate key pathways involved in the Warburg phenotype including but not limited to PKM2, HK2, GLUT1 and HIF-1. The corresponding molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance of 'anti-Warburg' effects of flavonoids are discussed in this review article. The most prominent examples are provided for the potential application of targeted 'anti-Warburg' measures in cancer management. Individualised profiling and patient stratification are presented as powerful tools for implementing targeted 'anti-Warburg' measures in the context of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine.

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Prostate Cancer: How Young is too Young?

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Relation of Age and Serum Prostatic-Specific Antigen level with Histopathological diagnosis in Transurethral Resection of Prostate specimen, an Experience from Eastern Tertiary Hospital

Relation of Age and Serum Prostatic-Specific Antigen level with Histopathological diagnosis in Transurethral Resection of Prostate specimen, an Experience from Eastern Tertiary Hospital

Metastatic Profile of Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer Patients in Calabar, South- South Nigeria

Flavonoids against the Warburg phenotype—concepts of predictive, preventive and personalised medicine to cut the Gordian knot of cancer cell metabolism

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