Prostacyclin production during pregnancy: Comparison of production during normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by hypertension

Goodman, Robert P.; Killam, Allen P.; Brash, Alan R.; Branch, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)32525-x

Cited by 220 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Early studies showed that concentrations of PGI 2 metabolites were increased in urine of healthy pregnant compared with healthy nonpregnant women. 29 It is likely that this is because of a pregnancymediated upregulation of cyclooxygenase enzyme activity in endothelial cells, which has been previously reported in pregnant ewes. 30 Pregnancy-mediated changes in cyclooxygenase expression in vascular tissues have not been reported.…”

Section: Prostacyclinmentioning

confidence: 78%

Maternal Vascular Physiology in Preeclampsia

Goulopoulou

2017

Hypertension

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Section: Prostacyclinmentioning

confidence: 78%

Maternal Vascular Physiology in Preeclampsia

Goulopoulou

2017

Hypertension

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“…The decreased vascular tone and the modifications to renal hemodynamics occurring during pregnancy may be attributed in part to changes in the synthesis of endothelial-derived vasoactive substances (15). It has been shown that plasma concentrations of a variety of vasoactive peptides, such as endothelin (16), prostaglandin E 2 (17) and prostacyclin (8), are increased in the third trimester, partly for the same reasons. In addition, our results suggest that the increase in plasma irhAM concentrations in the third trimester is the consequence of enhanced production of AM by the placenta.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intra-and interassay coefficients of variation (n ¼ 5) were 4.8% and 8.3% respectively. The cross-reactivities of the antibody were 100% with intact hAM(1-52), 10% with hAM(13-52) and hAM (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10), and less than 0.1% with hAM(33-52), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and amylin. No cross-reactivities were observed with various other vasoactive polypeptides.…”

Section: Radioimmunoassay Of Hammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…irhAM has been shown to circulate in human plasma (4,5), suggesting its role as a vasodilatory hormone, and circulating irhAM is known to be secreted mainly from vascular cells (2). Some papers have reported that the concentration of AM is increased in pregnancy (6,7), similarly to other vasodilatory substances such as prostacyclin and prostaglandin E 2 (8,9). Montuenga et al (10) reported that placental tissues of mouse and rat express high levels of AM and AM receptor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunoreactive adrenomedullin (AM) concentration in maternal plasma during human pregnancy and AM expression in placenta

Kobayashi

Kubota²,

T³

et al. 2000

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Adrenomedullin (AM) is a novel vasorelaxant peptide, isolated from human pheochromocytoma. Although AM may be involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system, a number of other mechanisms are also involved. The present study was undertaken to confirm the presence of AM in human maternal circulation and in placental function during pregnancy. Immunoreactive (ir) AM concentrations in maternal plasma were 3.4 Ϯ 0.7 fmol/ml (mean Ϯ S.E.M.) in the first trimester, 3.3 Ϯ 1.1 fmol/ml in the second trimester, 7.3 Ϯ 2.8 fmol/ml in the third trimester, 4.1 Ϯ 1.9 fmol/ ml in early puerperium and 3.0 Ϯ 0.4 fmol/ml in non-pregnant periods; the concentration in the third trimester was significantly greater than those in other periods. Plasma concentrations of estradiol (E 2 ), progesterone, human placental lactogen (hPL) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were also measured, using RIA kits. Significant correlations have been demonstrated between the concentrations of irAM and those of E 2 , progesterone and hPL. We therefore examined the expression of AM within the placental tissues using immunohistochemistry and northern blot analysis in order to demonstrate a correlation between the presence of AM in the placenta and maternal plasma. Using immunohistochemistry, we detected AM in the amnion at term and the expression of AM mRNA in human placental tissues using cloned human (h) AM complementary DNA as a probe. This study demonstrates the immunoreactivity of human hAM in maternal plasma during pregnancy, and suggests that hAM in maternal plasma is generated partly from placental tissue.

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“…Different research groups have shown elevated levels of AM in plasma of pregnant women at term (from 3-to 5-fold increase), as compared to levels in non-pregnant women or levels in the early puerperium Kanenishi et al, 2001;Kobayashi et al, 2000). Other vasoactive substances, such as endothelin, prostaglandin E2, and prostacyclin, have also been reported to increase in maternal plasma in a similar fashion (Brennecke et al, 1985;Goodman et al, 1982;Mastrogiannis et al, 1991). However, when comparing AM concentrations in plasma throughout pregnancy, some investigators have found no significant changes between different periods , whereas others have reported increasing concentrations with advancing gestation (Kanenishi et al, 2001), or significant increases only in the third trimester (Kobayashi et al, 2000).…”

Section: Clinical Aspects Related To the Levels Of Am In Normal Pregnmentioning

confidence: 95%

Adrenomedullin in mammalian embryogenesis

Garayoa

Bodegas

Cuttitta

et al. 2002

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Here are summarized data supporting that adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional factor involved in the complex regulatory mechanisms of mammalian development. During rodent embryogenesis, AM is first expressed in the heart, followed by a broader but also defined spatio-temporal pattern of expression in vascular, neural, and skeletal-forming tissues as well as in the main embryonic internal organs. AM pattern of expression is suggestive of its involvement in the control of embryonic invasion, proliferation, and differentiation processes, probably through autocrine or paracrine modes of action. AM levels in fetoplacental tissues, uterus, maternal and umbilical plasma are highly increased during normal gestation. These findings in addition to other physiological and gene targeting studies support the importance of AM as a vasorelaxant factor implicated in the regulation of maternal vascular adaptation to pregnancy, as well as of fetal and fetoplacental circulations. AM is also present in amniotic fluid and milk, which is suggestive of additional functions in the maturation and immunological protection of the fetus. Altered expression of AM has been found in some gestational pathologies, although it is not yet clear whether this corresponds to causative or compensatory mechanisms. Future studies in regard to the distribution and expression levels of the molecules known to function as AM receptors, together with data on the action of complement factor H (an AM binding protein), may help to better define the roles of AM during embryonic development.

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Prostacyclin production during pregnancy: Comparison of production during normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by hypertension

Cited by 220 publications

References 18 publications

Maternal Vascular Physiology in Preeclampsia

Maternal Vascular Physiology in Preeclampsia

Immunoreactive adrenomedullin (AM) concentration in maternal plasma during human pregnancy and AM expression in placenta

Adrenomedullin in mammalian embryogenesis

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