Prospects of improving the competitiveness of Serbian agriculture in (re)industrialization process

Abstract

SažetakKonkurentnost u međunarodnom poslovnom okruženju predstavlja ključ-ni instrument uspeha, odnosno evaluacije stvorene vrednosti svih uče-snika u lancu vrednosti. Ona se može vrednovati pomoću različitih pokazatelja, uz uvažavanje velikog broja faktora od uticaja na njenu složenu strukturu. Otuda ona predstavlja okvir kojim se potvrđuju konkurentske prednosti/nedostaci, kako na makro nivou, tako i u odnosu na mikro nivo odnosno same privredne subjekte i njihovu ponudu. Konkurentnost se može posmatrati na nivou čitavih nacionalnih privreda, industrijskih grana i sektora, kao i na nivou pojedinačnih proizvoda. Najčešći pristup komparaciji dostignutog nivoa konkurentnosti dovodi u vezi iskazanu cenu koštanja i/ili prodajnu cenu u odnosu na kvalitativne (vrednosne) aspekte proizvoda/usluge.Polazna tačka u ostvarivanju konkurentnosti celokupne nacionalne ekonomije su cene i kvalitet inputa. Efikasnost poslovanja uvažava uticaj svih inputa, a posebno onih čije je relativno učešće u ukupnoj ceni koštanja visoko. Za razliku od visoko automatizovanih proizvodnih procesa, poljoprivreda i pored porasta stepena automatizacije i dalje predstavlja radno intenzivnu delatnost. To je izdvaja u odnosu na druge privredne grane zbog visokog uticaja produktivnosti, kao i uticaja klimatskih i drugih prirodnih faktora. Istovremeno, poljoprivreda predstavlja i veoma značajan ekonomsko-socijalni sektor, pa su u različitim nacionalnim ekonomijama prisutni različiti koncepti makroekonomskih mera kojima se stimuliše ravnomeran regionalni razvoj poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Veoma visok nivo uticaja na konkurentnost poljoprivrednih proizvoda u Republici Srbiji imaju makroekonomski faktori koji opredeljuju opšti poslovni ambijent za razvoj poljoprivrede i njenu konkurentnost u celini. Ključne reči: konkurentnost, komparacija cena, makroekonomske mere AbstractCompetitiveness in the international business environment is a key instrument of success and evaluation of created value of all participants in the value chain. It can be assessed using a variety of indicators, taking into account many factors affecting its complex structure. Hence, it is a framework affirming the competitive advantages/disadvantages on the macro and micro-level as well as on the level of companies and their product offer. Competitiveness can be analyzed at the levels of national economy, industrial sectors, as well as individual products level. The most common approach to the comparison of achieved competitiveness level relates to product costs and/or market price compared to quality (value) aspects of the product/service.Prices and the quality of inputs feature as the starting points for competitiveness of the national economy. Efficiency of operations recognizes the impact of all inputs, especially those whose relative share in the total production cost is high. In contrast to the highly automated production processes, agriculture remains a labour-intensive activity, despite the increase in the level of automation. It is an exception compared to other industries du...

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