Prospects and limitations of post-transplantation alloantibody detection in renal transplantation

Donor-specific HLA antibodies and graft function in children after renal transplantation

“…The importance of antibody-mediated acute and chronic rejection has been clearly shown in RTx [5,6]. Accordingly, three of the 123 children with HLA-DSA in our patient cohort showed positive cross-match after transplantation and developed severe vascular rejection and graft loss in late 1990s.…”

“…During the past few years the significance of chronic antibody-mediated rejection (CAMR) in progressive graft dysfunction and poor graft survival has been emphasized [4][5][6]. The presence of circulating donor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibodies (HLA-DSA) and complement factor C4d accumulation in the graft has been associated with CAMR.…”

Pre- and posttransplantation allosensitization in heart allograft recipients: Major impact of de novo alloantibody production on allograft survival

“…Controversies still exist regarding the optimal timing and methods for monitoring circulating antibodies, grading of AMR according to pathologic and clinical findings, and therapeutic intervention for treatment of this condition [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The need for basic research to understand the mechanism of humoral rejection is imperative.…”

Predictive value of the Luminex single antigen panel for detecting flow cytometry cross-match positivity

“…Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies are a major cause of allograft loss, as research has clearly established [1][2][3][4][5][6]. These antibodies have been traditionally detected by cytotoxicity techniques and more recently by flow cytometry [7][8][9].…”