Prospective study of rotavirus infections in Belém, Pará, Brazil: clinical and epidemiological features

Ac, Linhares; Yb, Gabbay; Jd, Mascarenhas; Rb, de Freitas; Cs, Oliveira; Bellesi, Newton; Tf, Monteiro; Lins-Lainson, Z.; Fl, Ramos; Sa, Valente

doi:10.2223/jped.714

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Several oral vaccines have been developed based on heterologous host rotaviruses, attenuated human rotavirus (HRV) and human-animal rotavirus reassortants. A tetravalent human-rhesus reassortant rotavirus vaccine was effective in reducing rotavirus-induced diarrhoea in trials in the USA and Finland (Bernstein et al, 1995 ;Joensuu et al, 1997 ;Rennels et al, 1996 ;Ward et al, 1997) but was less effective in trials in some developing countries (Lanata et al, 1996 ;Linhares et al, 1996). The reduced efficacy may reflect the lower vaccine dose used in these latter trials (4i10% vs 4i10& p.f.u.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reduced efficacy may reflect the lower vaccine dose used in these latter trials (4i10% vs 4i10& p.f.u.) (Perez-Schael et al, 1997), differences in titres of maternal antibodies (Rimer et al, 1992), differences in exposure to rotavirus before and during the vaccination process (Joensuu et al, 1997 ;Lanata et al, 1996 ;Linhares et al, 1996) or differences in trial design (Perez-Schael et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reported effect of breast feeding on immune responses to oral vaccination is inconsistent but there is a trend toward lower seroconversion rates in breast-fed infants (Pichichero, 1990 ;Glass et al, 1991 ;Rimer et al, 1992 ;Rennels, 1996). The suppressive effect of maternal antibodies may be more important in developing countries, where lower vaccine efficacies have been observed in vaccine trials in Thailand (Migasena et al, 1995), Peru (Lanata et al, 1996), Brazil (Linhares et al, 1996) and Venezuela (Rimer et al, 1992 ;Vesikari, 1997). Rimer et al (1992) reported higher rotavirus antibody titres in breast milk from Venezuelan mothers than in milk from mothers in New York State and used logistic regression to demonstrate the suppressive effects of both milk and serum antibodies on seroconversion rates following oral rotavirus vaccination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum and intestinal isotype antibody responses to Wa human rotavirus in gnotobiotic pigs are modulated by maternal antibodies.

Parre√±o

Hodgins

Arriba

et al. 1999

Journal of General Virology

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The effects of passive antibodies on protection and active immune responses to human rotavirus were studied in gnotobiotic pigs. Pigs were injected at birth with saline or sow serum of high (immunized) or low (control) antibody titre and subsets of pigs were fed colostrum and milk from immunized or control sows. Pigs were inoculated at 3-5 days of age and challenged at 21 days post-inoculation (p.i.) with virulent Wa human rotavirus. Pigs receiving immune serum with or without immune colostrum/milk were partially protected against diarrhoea and virus shedding after inoculation, but had significantly lower IgA antibody titres in serum and small intestinal contents at 21 days p.i. and lower protection rates after challenge compared with pigs given control or no maternal antibodies. IgG antibody titres were consistently higher in small than in large intestinal contents. Pigs given control serum with control colostrum/milk had lower rates of virus shedding after inoculation than those given control serum alone. In summary, high titres of circulating maternal antibodies with or without local (milk) antibodies provided passive protection after inoculation but suppressed active mucosal antibody responses. These findings may have implications for the use of live, oral rotavirus vaccines in breast-fed infants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Serum and intestinal isotype antibody responses to Wa human rotavirus in gnotobiotic pigs are modulated by maternal antibodies.

Parre√±o

Hodgins

Arriba

et al. 1999

Journal of General Virology

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Divergence of VP7 genes of G1 rotaviruses isolated from infants vaccinated with reassortant rhesus rotaviruses

Jin

Ward

Knowlton

et al. 1996

Archives of Virology

101

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A large placebo-controlled efficacy trial of the rhesus tetravalent (RRV-TV) and serotype G1 monovalent (RRV-S1) rotavirus vaccines was conducted in 1991-1992 at 24 sites across the United States. Protection was 49% and 54% against all diarrhea but 80% and 69% against very severe gastroenteritis for the two vaccines, respectively. Post-vaccination neutralizing antibody titers to the G1 Wa strain, whose VP7 protein is nearly identical to that of the D strain of rotavirus contained in both vaccines, did not correlate with protection against subsequent illness with G1 strains. This result raised the possibility that in infants who developed post-vaccination neutralizing antibody to Wa, breakthrough (i.e., vaccine failure-the occurrence of rotavirus diarrhea after immunization) may have been due to infection by G1 strains that were sufficiently antigenically distinct from the vaccine strain to evade the neutralizing antibodies elicited by vaccination. To test this hypothesis, we initially compared post-vaccination neutralizing antibody titers of vaccinees against Wa and G1 breakthrough strains using sera from subjects who experienced breakthrough. Post-immunization neutralizing antibody titers to Wa elicited by vaccination were significantly (P< 0.001) greater than to the breakthrough strains subsequently obtained from these subjects. This difference did not, however, correlate with lack of protection since similar differences in titer to Wa and breakthrough strains were found using post-vaccination sera from vaccinees who either experienced asymptomatic rotavirus infections or no infections. To determine the genetic basis for these differences, we compared the VP7 gene sequences of Wa with vaccine strain D, 12 G1 breakthrough strains, and 3 G1 control strains isolated during the same trial from placebo recipients. All breakthrough strains were distinct from Wa and D in antigenically important regions throughout the VP7 protein, but these differences were conserved between breakthrough and placebo strains. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the deduced amino sequences form VP7 genes of G1 rotaviruses from 12 countries indicated that four distinct lineages have evolved. All breakthrough and control strains from the U.S. vaccine trial were in a lineage different from strain D, the serotype G1 vaccine strain. Although the overall results do not support our original hypothesis that immune selection of antigenically distinct escape mutants led to vaccine breakthrough in subjects with a neutralization response to Wa, it cannot be excluded that breakthrough could be partially due to antigenic differences in the VP7 proteins of currently circulating G1 strains.

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Prospective study of rotavirus infections in Belém, Pará, Brazil: clinical and epidemiological features

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Serum and intestinal isotype antibody responses to Wa human rotavirus in gnotobiotic pigs are modulated by maternal antibodies.

Serum and intestinal isotype antibody responses to Wa human rotavirus in gnotobiotic pigs are modulated by maternal antibodies.

Divergence of VP7 genes of G1 rotaviruses isolated from infants vaccinated with reassortant rhesus rotaviruses

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