Prospective Study of Oral Contraceptives and Hypertension Among Women in the United States

Chasan‐Taber, Lisa; Willett, Walter C.; Manson, JoAnn E.; Spiegelman, Donna; Hunter, David J.; Curhan, Gary C.; Colditz, Graham A.; Stampfer, Meir J.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.94.3.483

Cited by 280 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…75 Absolute risk was small: only 41.5 cases of hypertension/10 000 person-years could be attributed to OC use. The current risk of OC-induced hypertension is likely lower than reported in the earlier literature because oral contraceptives currently in use contain lower doses of ethinyl estradiol (30-35 mcg) than those previously used and there appears to be a correlation between both oestrogen and progestin dose and blood pressure in OC users.…”

Section: Journal Of Human Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension in women

Rosenthal

Oparil

2000

J Hum Hypertens

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Hypertension in women has received less attention than hypertension in men, and the major controlled trials of antihypertensive therapy have been carried out in populations made up predominantly of and have emphasised outcomes in men. Recently it has been recognised that women develop high blood pressure, particularly systolic hypertension, at an increased rate as they age, and that this age-related blood pressure increase is exaggerated by the menopause. The age-related rise in blood pressure, particularly systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, contributes substantially to the age-related increase in risk of heart attack, heart failure, and stroke in middle-aged and elderly women. This article reviews

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Section: Journal Of Human Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension in women

Rosenthal

Oparil

2000

J Hum Hypertens

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“…Environmental characteristics, including pre-existing pregnancy-induced hypertension, occult renal disease, obesity, middle age (435 years) and duration of COC use, as well as genetic characteristics, such as family history of hypertension, increase susceptibility to COC-induced hypertension. 17,18 Controlled prospective studies have consistently demonstrated a return of BP to pretreatment levels within 3 months of discontinuing COCs. 16,19 In the Health Survey for England, a cross-sectional survey, mean BP was significantly higher among premenopausal women who were current users of oral contraceptives (COCs and progestin-only) than among non-users.…”

Section: Oral Contraceptives and Bpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension in women

Pimenta

2011

Hypertens Res

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Hypertension is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, and a highly prevalent condition in both men and women. However, the prevalence of hypertension is predicted to increase more among women than men. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) can induce hypertension in a small group of women and, increase CV risk especially among those with hypertension. Both COC-related increased CV risk and blood pressure (BP) returns to pretreatment levels by 3 months of its discontinuation. The effects of menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on BP are controversial, and COCs and HRT containing the new generation progestin drospirenone are preferred in women with established hypertension. Despite the high incidence of cancer in women, CV disease remains the major cause of death in women and comparable benefit of antihypertensive treatment have been demonstrated in both women and men. Hypertension Research (2012) 35, 148-152; doi:10.1038/hr.2011; published online 1 December 2011Keywords: blood pressure; treatment; women INTRODUCTIONHypertension is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, and a highly prevalent condition in both men and women. Blood pressure (BP) is generally higher in men than in women regardless of age. Mean systolic BP in the overall population increases progressively throughout adult life in both men and women. During early adulthood mean systolic BP is higher in men than women, but the subsequent rate of rise in BP is steeper for women than men. Prevalence and severity of hypertension increase markedly with advancing age in women, such that a higher percentage of women than men have high BP after 65 years. 1-5 Furthermore, BP control is more difficult to achieve in older women. Data from the Framingham Heart Study showed gender differences in BP control rates and in the pattern of antihypertensive medications prescribed. 3 An age-related decrease in BP control rates were more pronounced in women than in men. Among the oldest participants with hypertension, only 23% of women (vs. 38% of men) were controlled to BP o140/90 mm Hg. Treatment with thiazide diuretics was also more frequent among women than men (38 vs. 23%). It is unknown whether the age-related decline in BP control among women is related to true treatment resistance because of biological factors or to inappropriate drug choices in the clinical setting.This article discusses practical aspects related to hypertension in women and some topics are discussed in detail in separate articles in this special review edition.

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“…High oestrogen states such as pregnancy and treatment with the oral contraceptive pill are associated with hypertension and sodium and water retention (Chasen Taber et al, 1996;Hall, 1997). However very little is known about the direct eects of oestradiol on salt absorbing epithelia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid activation of basolateral potassium transport in human colon by oestradiol

McNamara

Winter

Cuffe

et al. 2000

British J Pharmacology

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1 We investigated the eect of oestradiol on basolateral potassium channels in human colonic epithelium. 2 Ion transport was quanti®ed using short circuit current (I sc ) measurements of samples mounted in Ussing chambers. Serosal K transport was studied using nystatin permeabilization of the apical membrane. Intracellular pH changes were quanti®ed using spectro¯ouresence techniques. 3 Experiments were performed with either 10 nM or 1 mM Ca 2+ in the apical bathing solution. With 10 nM Ca 2+ in the apical bathing solution addition of oestradiol (1 nM) to the basolateral bath produced a rapid increase in current (DI K =11.2+1.2 mA.cm 72 , n=6). This response was prevented by treatment of the serosal membrane with tolbutamide (1 mM). With 1 mM Ca 2+ in the apical bathing solution addition of oestradiol produced a rapid fall in current (DI K =712.8+1.4 mA.cm 72 ), this response was prevented by treatment of the basolateral membrane with tetra-pentylammonium (TPeA). These responses were rapid and occurred independently of protein synthesis. 4 Inhibition of basolateral Na + /H + exchange with either amiloride or a low sodium bathing solution prevented this response. These responses were prevented by inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) with bis-indolyl-maleimide. 5 Oestradiol (1 nM) produced a rapid intracellular alkanization (mean increase=0.11 pH units; n=6; P50.01). 6 These results suggest that oestradiol rapidly modulates serosal K transport in human colon. These eects depend upon intact Na + /H + exchange and protein kinase C. We propose a nonclassical, possibly membrane linked, mechanism for oestradiol action in human colonic epithelium.

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Prospective Study of Oral Contraceptives and Hypertension Among Women in the United States

Cited by 280 publications

References 19 publications

Hypertension in women

Hypertension in women

Hypertension in women

Rapid activation of basolateral potassium transport in human colon by oestradiol

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