Prospective health associations of drive for muscularity in young adult males

Eik‐Nes, Trine Tetlie; Austin, S. Bryn; Blashill, Aaron J.; Murray, Stuart B.; Calzo, Jerel P.

doi:10.1002/eat.22943

Cited by 65 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The 7-item (3, 4, 10, 15, 16, 17, and 18) physical health domain includes questions about dependence on medicinal substances and medical aids, pain and discomfort, activities of daily living, energy and fatigue, mobility, sleep, and rest and work capacity. The 6-item (5,6,7,11,19, and 26) psychological health domain includes questions about self-esteem, body image and appearance, negative and positive feelings, spirituality-religion, personal beliefs, and concentration. The social relations domain assesses personal relationships, social support, and sexual activity; it comprises 3 items (from 20 to 22).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the body image possessed by men is more complex compared to women, since men desire to achieve a muscular/athletic body along with low body fat [3]. These desires are associated with the drive for muscularity, which comprise muscle-gain -related attitudes and behaviors such as muscle-gain-related eating, excessive exercising, and dieting [5]. Studies in men have demonstrated that men's athletic/muscular and thin ideal internalizations are associated with the development of pathologic eating as well [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Body Image, Disordered Eating and Lifestyle on the Quality of Life in Lithuanian University Students

Bacevičienė

Jankauskienė

Balčiūnienė

2020

IJERPH

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Purpose. The present study aimed to explore the associations between body image concerns (BI), disordered eating (DE), health-related lifestyle, and the different domains of the quality of life (QoL) in a Lithuanian sample of student-aged men and women. Methods. A mixed-gender sample of students (N = 1850, 58.8% were women, average age 21.6 ± 5.0 years) completed a series of questionnaires, including health-related lifestyles, BI, DE, and QoL. A series of simultaneous multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Mediation analyses were performed to estimate the size of the total, direct, and indirect effects of variables in the models. Results. The analysis of the linear regressions demonstrated that the positive trait of body areas satisfaction was associated with the significantly enhanced QoL in all domains in both genders (for men β = 0.29–0.34; for women β = 0.26–0.33; p < 0.001). DE was associated with a poorer psychological QoL domain in women only (β = −0.07; p = 0.047). The drive for muscularity was associated with a lower QoL in men (β = −0.06–(−0.141); p < 0.05). Body areas satisfaction mediated the associations between body mass index and psychological and physical QoL in both genders (TLI (Tucker Lewis Index) = 0.975; CFI (comparative fit index) = 0.997; RMSEA (Root of the Mean Square Error) = 0.053). Conclusions. Positive traits of BI play essential roles in the QoL of student-aged women and men. The present study adds empirical evidence emphasizing the importance of integrating education about positive body image while implementing healthy lifestyle and QoL promotion programs in student-aged men and women.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Body Image, Disordered Eating and Lifestyle on the Quality of Life in Lithuanian University Students

Bacevičienė

Jankauskienė

Balčiūnienė

2020

IJERPH

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“…adolescents; and instead have focused on the following areas: social and biological factors such as the media and peer pressure (4), internalization of athletic physique (19), weight concerns (1), and general somatic features (20). Therefore, investigating psychological factors can bridge this research gap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drive For Muscularity in Male Adolescents: The Role of Psychological Factors (Self-Esteem, Maladaptive Perfectionism, and Interpersonal Sensitivity)

Zarei¹

2020

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Background: Concerns about body image among male adolescents has become increasingly prevalent, leading to a need for muscularity. It is well known that psychological factors play a role in the development of these concerns. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to predict the drive for muscularity based on psychological factors, including self-esteem, maladaptive perfectionism, and interpersonal sensitivity. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. Using a convenience sampling method, 150 adolescent male students from district 14 of Tehran, Iran, were selected to participate in the study. Data was collected by utilizing the following measures: drive for Muscularity scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, Almost Perfect scale-revised, and Interpersonal Sensitivity measure. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Enter Regression method. Results: High scores in the Drive for Muscularity scale were significantly associated with higher levels of maladaptive perfectionism, interpersonal sensitivity, and lower levels of self-esteem. Moreover, the results of the multiple regression analysis revealed that predivariables could explain 52% in the variance of the drive for muscularity. Conclusions: Findings indicated that the psychological factors investigated in this study were risk factors for masculinity among adolescents. We suggest that clinicians take these factors into account in order to make preventive and therapeutic programs more effective.

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“…Cross‐sectional studies have shown that muscularity concerns and disordered eating are associated with athletic participation given sport‐related pressures for weight and performance (Petrie, Greenleaf, Reel, & Carter, ; Thompson & Sherman, ), binge drinking and drug use (Calzo et al, ), and depression (Grossbard, Atkins, Geisner, & Larimer, ; Olivardia, Pope, Borowiecki, & Cohane, ). Adolescent males and young males with concerns about muscularity had higher odds of prospectively developing depressive symptoms, binge drinking, dieting, and use of muscle‐building products (Eik‐Nes, Austin, Blashill, Murray, & Calzo, ; Field et al, ). Adolescent predictors of thinness‐oriented disordered eating behaviors in young adulthood include depression, physical abuse, poor body image, and family, school, or community disconnectedness (Nagata, Garber, Tabler, Murray, & Bibbins‐Domingo, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors in U.S. young adults: A prospective cohort study

Nagata

Murray

Bibbins‐Domingo

et al. 2019

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective To determine adolescent predictors of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors in young men and women using a nationally representative longitudinal sample in the United States and to examine differences by sex. Method We used nationally representative longitudinal cohort data collected from baseline (11–18 years old, 1994–1995) and 7‐year follow‐up (18–24 years old, 2001–2002) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. We examined adolescent demographic, behavioral, and mental health predictors of young adult muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors defined as eating more or differently to gain weight or bulk up, supplements to gain weight or bulk up, or androgenic anabolic steroid use at 7‐year follow‐up. Results Of the 14,891 included participants, 22% of males and 5% of females reported any muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behavior at follow‐up in young adulthood. Factors recorded at adolescence that were prospectively associated with higher odds of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in both sexes included black race, exercising to gain weight, self‐perception of being underweight, and lower body mass index z‐score. In addition, participation in weightlifting; roller‐blading, roller‐skating, skate‐boarding, or bicycling; and alcohol among males and depressive symptoms among females during adolescence were associated with higher odds of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in young adulthood. Conclusions Interventions to prevent muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors may target at‐risk youth, particularly those of black race or who engage in exercise to gain weight. Future research should examine longitudinal health outcomes associated with muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors.

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Prospective health associations of drive for muscularity in young adult males

Cited by 65 publications

References 49 publications

The Role of Body Image, Disordered Eating and Lifestyle on the Quality of Life in Lithuanian University Students

The Role of Body Image, Disordered Eating and Lifestyle on the Quality of Life in Lithuanian University Students

Drive For Muscularity in Male Adolescents: The Role of Psychological Factors (Self-Esteem, Maladaptive Perfectionism, and Interpersonal Sensitivity)

Predictors of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating behaviors in U.S. young adults: A prospective cohort study

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