Prospect of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: Potential role in vaccine and therapeutic development

Abstract

Highlights SARS-CoV-2 binds more strongly to ACE2 as compare to SARS-CoV. The viral Spike protein is most important target for vaccine design. Antibody dependent enhancement enhances the viral entry and replication in the host cell. Nanobody is alternative to avoid Antibody dependent enhancement. Different strategies for vaccine development. Spike protein-based vaccines.

Self-assembled mRNA vaccines

“…In the final steps, the virus is assembled, and packed in the host cells, and the viral particles are released [ [285] , [286] , [287] ]. Due to its indispensable functions and high conservation, the spike protein serves as a primary target for therapeutic interventions [ 288 ].…”

The Perspective on Bio-Nano Interface Technology for Covid-19

“…Effective use of surgical masks and N95 respirators among healthcare workers prevents influenza-like infections (Long et al, 2020;Samrat et al, 2020) and SARS (Seto et al, 2003). Hence masks play a vital in preventing the Covid-19 progression.…”

“…The full-length recombinant SARS CoV-2 glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine is adjuvant with Matrix under the clinical evaluation of Phase 1/2NCT04368988) (Baviskar et al, 2020). Further, Adjuvanted recombinant protein (RBD-Dimer)NCT04445194 and recombinant spike protein with Advax TM adjuvant of NCT04453852 is under the phase 1 clinical evaluation ( Table 1) (Samrat et al, 2020). Among the other COVID-19 preclinical vaccine candidates, five of the protein subunit vaccine candidates reported a combination of antigen and adjuvant.…”

Review on Up-to-Date Status of Candidate Vaccines for COVID-19 Disease

“…Since effective antiviral agents are still lacking, vaccination is the best approach for controlling the current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2. 5 Therefore, several countries have accelerated clinical trials to develop an effective and safe vaccine to curtail the current ongoing pandemic. The purpose of this review article is to provide an up-to-date status of various promising vaccine platforms.…”