Proposing 3D Thermal Technology for Heritage Building Energy Monitoring

Adán, Antonio; Pérez, Víctor; Vivancos, José-Luis; Aparicio-Fernández, Carolina; Prieto, Samuel A.

doi:10.3390/rs13081537

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Custom-made multi-sensor equipment has often been employed with this aim, necessitating the registration between different sensors used during acquisition. The sensor registration parameters consist of a vector of the differences in the sensors' relative position and the rotation angles between them, and they are necessary to transform and integrate data into the same coordinate system [282][283][284][285][286][287][288]. Overall, sensor registration that includes thermographic cameras is not usual due to thermal measurements' requirements, as regards to angle and distance of acquisition [289].…”

Section: Thermographic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Close-Range Sensing and Data Fusion for Built Heritage Inspection and Monitoring—A Review

Adamopoulos

Rinaudo

2021

Remote Sensing

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Built cultural heritage is under constant threat due to environmental pressures, anthropogenic damages, and interventions. Understanding the preservation state of monuments and historical structures, and the factors that alter their architectural and structural characteristics through time, is crucial for ensuring their protection. Therefore, inspection and monitoring techniques are essential for heritage preservation, as they enable knowledge about the altering factors that put built cultural heritage at risk, by recording their immediate effects on monuments and historic structures. Nondestructive evaluations with close-range sensing techniques play a crucial role in monitoring. However, data recorded by different sensors are frequently processed separately, which hinders integrated use, visualization, and interpretation. This article’s aim is twofold: i) to present an overview of close-range sensing techniques frequently applied to evaluate built heritage conditions, and ii) to review the progress made regarding the fusion of multi-sensor data recorded by them. Particular emphasis is given to the integration of data from metric surveying and from recording techniques that are traditionally non-metric. The article attempts to shed light on the problems of the individual and integrated use of image-based modeling, laser scanning, thermography, multispectral imaging, ground penetrating radar, and ultrasonic testing, giving heritage practitioners a point of reference for the successful implementation of multidisciplinary approaches for built cultural heritage scientific investigations.

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Section: Thermographic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Close-Range Sensing and Data Fusion for Built Heritage Inspection and Monitoring—A Review

Adamopoulos

Rinaudo

2021

Remote Sensing

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“…A review of published articles concerned with IRT in the building industry was presented by [3]. In the building industry, relevant applications include surface diagnostics [9], material investigation [10], and energy monitoring [11]. In the building industry, IRT has also been used for object detection on a building [12] and for archaeological purposes [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photogrammetric Co-Processing of Thermal Infrared Images and RGB Images

Dlesk

Vach²,

Pavelka³

2022

Sensors

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In some applications of thermography, spatial orientation of the thermal infrared information can be desirable. By the photogrammetric processing of thermal infrared (TIR) images, it is possible to create 2D and 3D results augmented by thermal infrared information. On the augmented 2D and 3D results, it is possible to locate thermal occurrences in the coordinate system and to determine their scale, length, area or volume. However, photogrammetric processing of TIR images is difficult due to negative factors which are caused by the natural character of TIR images. Among the negative factors are the lower resolution of TIR images compared to RGB images and lack of visible features on the TIR images. To eliminate these negative factors, two methods of photogrammetric co-processing of TIR and RGB images were designed. Both methods require a fixed system of TIR and RGB cameras and for each TIR image a corresponding RGB image must be captured. One of the methods was termed sharpening and the result of this method is mainly an augmented orthophoto, and an augmented texture of the 3D model. The second method was termed reprojection and the result of this method is a point cloud augmented by thermal infrared information. The details of the designed methods, as well as the experiments related to the methods, are presented in this article.

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“…Temperature data can be collected in many different ways, e.g., using wired sensors [ 34 , 35 ] and dataloggers [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. A recent study has proposed a 3D thermal technology for heritage buildings [ 39 ]. Because of thick stone walls and long distances, wireless communications within heritage sites are often complicated and some authors have abandoned them after testing [ 40 ], though wireless systems are still being investigated to overcome the drawbacks [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate Characterization of Temperature Fluctuations in a Historical Building Using Energy-Efficient IoT Wireless Sensors

Zarzo

Perles

Mercado

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Adequate thermic conditions are required for the preventive conservation of artworks, but such optimum conditions cannot always be achieved in historical buildings such as ancient churches. In those cases, it is of interest to assess the potential risk of punctual changes in indoor environments that can be harmful to artworks. These conditions can be assessed by means of a microclimate monitoring system comprised of a set of energy-efficient wireless sensors connected to the cloud using IoT techniques. This approach was followed at the baroque church of Saint Thomas and Saint Philip Neri in Valencia (Spain). A set of 26 wireless nodes was installed, which recorded values of temperature and relative humidity every hour for a period of 7 months. Small differences of temperature were obtained among sensors, so that an efficient methodology based on principal component analysis (PCA) was applied for the characterization of similarities and dissimilarities between sensors. Daily ranges of temperatures were studied as well as mean trajectories, differences between days of the week, and changes in the correlation structure of daily median values over time. Results provide a framework for an efficient characterization of temperatures in heritage buildings based on a network of wireless sensors. Such a framework is useful to assess the potential risk of temperature fluctuations on the preventive conservation of historical buildings and artworks.

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Proposing 3D Thermal Technology for Heritage Building Energy Monitoring

Cited by 13 publications

References 57 publications

Close-Range Sensing and Data Fusion for Built Heritage Inspection and Monitoring—A Review

Close-Range Sensing and Data Fusion for Built Heritage Inspection and Monitoring—A Review

Photogrammetric Co-Processing of Thermal Infrared Images and RGB Images

Multivariate Characterization of Temperature Fluctuations in a Historical Building Using Energy-Efficient IoT Wireless Sensors

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