Proposals for the classification of chronic (mature) B and T lymphoid leukaemias. French-American-British (FAB) Cooperative Group.

Bennett, John M.; Catovsky, Daniel; Mt, Daniel; Flandrin, Georges; Galton, D. J.; Gralnick, Harvey R.; Sultan, C.

doi:10.1136/jcp.42.6.567

Cited by 661 publications

(320 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…[13][14][15][16][17][18] DP phenotype is generally regarded as characteristic of thymocytes at a certain stage of differentiation, though it is also found in some activated peripheral T cells. 2 Consistent with this finding, the DP T cells in chronic T cell leukemia are hypothesized to represent either thymic T cells, or activated peripheral T cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic T lymphoid leukemias are defined as post-thymic T cell leukemias by the FAB group, 13 and are subclassified into four entities:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phenotype in some chronic T cell leukemias is CD3 + CD4 + CD8 + , DP T. [13][14][15][16][17][18] DP T cell leukemia is rare except for T-PLL, in which the DP phenotype is relatively common. The stage of differentiation which these DP T leukemic cells represent has not been defined, though there are two hypotheses: (1) that they are thymic DP T cells, this would be unique among chronic T cell leukemias, and (2) that they are peripheral activated T cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypical heterogeneity of CD4+CD8+ double-positive chronic T lymphoid leukemia

et al. 1998

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Chronic T lymphoid leukemias are defined as leukemias of post-thymic T cells. The CD4 ؉ CD8 ؉ double-positive (DP) phenotype is seen in a few cases. Since DP generally occurs in thymic T cells, whether the DP T leukemia cells represent thymic or peripheral T cells has been a matter of controversy. To address this issue, we studied phenotypical features in eight cases of DP T cell leukemia. Thymic DP T cells and peripheral CD8 ؉ T cells have CD8 of ␣␤ subunit, while CD8␣␣ is induced in CD4 ؉ T cells on activation with IL-4. We found that two patients with DP T large granular lymphocyte leukemia (LGLL) showed dim expression of CD8␣␣, identical to the phenotype on IL-4-activated DP-T cells. The leukemic cells of these patients expressed IL-4 mRNA and produced high levels of IL-4. These findings suggest that they may be derived from peripheral CD4 ؉ T cells. Three patients with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) showed CD8␣␣, suggestive of an activated peripheral T cell origin. One case expressed CD8␣␣ dim and IL-4 mRNA, while the other two cases expressed no IL-4 mRNA and showed CD8␣␣ bright phenotype, features not found in normal T cell populations. Three patients with T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) expressed CD8␣␤. The DP phenotype is relatively common in T-PLL, and CD4 + CD8␣␤ + is characteristic of thymic T cells. The DP T-PLL cells did not express TdT,CD1 or recombination activating gene-1 (RAG-1), which is down-regulated at the late stage of thymic T cell development. On the basis of these findings, we propose a late thymic origin for DP T-PLL. The phenotype of DP T cells differed for each entity and appeared to correlate with minor normal DP T cell population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic T lymphoid leukemias are defined as post-thymic T cell leukemias by the FAB group, 13 and are subclassified into four entities:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypical heterogeneity of CD4+CD8+ double-positive chronic T lymphoid leukemia

et al. 1998

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“…To be suitable for this treatment, patients were required to have a histologic diagnosis of either "low-grade NHL" (according to the International Working Formulation), 29 CLL (according to the criteria of the National Cancer Institute [NCI]Working Group), 30 or prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) or prolymphocytoid transformation of CLL. 31 Patients with the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) 32 also were treated. Other eligibility requirements included a serum creatinine level Ͻ 0.20 mmol/L, serum bilirubin Ͻ 35 mol/L, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status Յ 3.…”

Section: Patient Eligibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide using an attenuated dose schedule is a highly effective regimen for patients with indolent lymphoid malignancies

Tam

Wolf

Januszewicz

et al. 2004

Cancer

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BACKGROUNDPreclinical data have supported the use of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) in combination for the treatment of indolent lymphoid malignancies. Previously reported schedules were highly effective, but were complicated by significant myelotoxicity and infectious complications. In the current study, the authors analyzed their experience with an attenuated dose regimen to determine whether equivalent efficacy could be achieved with reduced toxicity.METHODSSixty‐four patients with indolent lymphoid malignancies were treated with intravenous fludarabine at a dose of 25 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide at a dose of 250 mg/m2, each given on Days 1–3 for a median of 4 cycles. The median age of the patients was 60 years. Nineteen percent of the patients were previously untreated, and 45% had refractory disease; the patients had received a median of 2 prior therapies. With regard to histology, 41% of the patients had chronic lymphocytic leukemia or its variants, whereas the remainder of patients had low‐grade non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, predominantly follicule center cell lymphoma.RESULTSA total of 237 cycles were delivered. The principal toxicities reported were neutropenia (NCI CTC Grade 4 in 17% of cycles) and infection (Grade ≥ 3 in 6% of cycles). The overall response rate and complete response rate were 86% and 29%, respectively. No significant difference could be discerned with regard to response rates for patients with untreated, recurrent, or refractory disease.CONCLUSIONSThe FC schedule used in the current study was found to be highly effective in patients with indolent lymphoid malignancies. Toxicity was lower compared with higher dose schedules, whereas efficacy appeared to be equivalent. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.

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“…B-CLL was diagnosed according to defined clinical, morphological and immunological criteria [9]. Patients were staged according to the guidelines proposed by Binet et al [10].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) expression by CD4 T cells in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Hill¹,

Peters²,

Ayliffe³

et al. 1999

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SUMMARYCD7 co-expression by CD4 T cells has been reported to be higher in the Th1 compared with the Th2 functional subset. Clinical immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation are more prevalent in the advanced stages of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL). To analyse this further 25 patients with B-CLL and 11 healthy subjects were examined for cell surface CD7 and intracellular IFN-g and IL-4 expression in the peripheral blood CD4 þ T helper cell population. Significantly decreased CD7, IFN-g and IL-4 expression was observed in the patients with B-CLL (P < 0·001). While CD7 negativity and IL-4 expression were more frequent in the later stages of the disease, this did not attain statistical significance. These results suggest a possible explanation for the reduced cellular and humoral immunity in B-CLL.

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Proposals for the classification of chronic (mature) B and T lymphoid leukaemias. French-American-British (FAB) Cooperative Group.

Cited by 661 publications

References 49 publications

Phenotypical heterogeneity of CD4+CD8+ double-positive chronic T lymphoid leukemia

Phenotypical heterogeneity of CD4+CD8+ double-positive chronic T lymphoid leukemia

Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide using an attenuated dose schedule is a highly effective regimen for patients with indolent lymphoid malignancies

Reduced IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) expression by CD4 T cells in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

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