Proposal of a standard for 2D representation of bio-inspired lightweight lattice structures in drawings

Abstract

The interest of industrial companies for the Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology is growing year after year due to its capability of producing components with complex shapes that fit industrial engineering necessities better than traditionally manufactured parts. However, conventional Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software are often limited for the design and representation of complex geometries, especially when dealing with lattice structures: these are bio-inspired structures composed of repeated small elements, called struts, which are combined to shape a unit cell that is repeated across a domain. This design method generates a lightweight but stiff component. The scope of this work is to analyse the problem of the lattice structures representation in 2 D technical drawings and propose some contributions to support the development of Standards for their 2 D representation. This work is focused on the proposal of rules useful to represent such hierarchic structures. Python language and the open-source software FreeCad™ are used as a software platform to evaluate the suitability and usability of the proposed representation standard. This is based on simplified symbols to describe complex lattice structures instead of representing all the elements which constitute the lattice. The standard is thought to be used in technical 2 D drawings where assemblies are represented and lattice components are used (e.g. parts assembly, maintenance, parts catalogues). A case study is included to describe how the proposed standard could be integrated into a 2 D assembly drawing, following technical product documentation production typical workflow.

Scientometric Review for Research Patterns on Additive Manufacturing of Lattice Structures

“…The correlations between keywords in articles were taken into account in this analysis. Different studies show that the mechanical properties of both polymer and metal material additive manufacturing received the most attention from researchers [ 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 , 167 , 168 ]. Although important for new functional polymers, the applications of fire-resistance, electrical, thermal, bioprinting, electronics, 4D printing, and biocompatible qualities garnered far less research in this discipline.…”

An Optimization Workflow in Design for Additive Manufacturing

“…The concerns over the structural integrity of these complex parts require static and dynamic mechanical characterization [12,13]; also, experimental tests help to mechanically characterize the materials, and the obtained information is used in numerical simulations to predict the different mechanical behavior between the products obtained through additive manufacturing and the ones obtained by traditional techniques of material subtraction [14,15]. More, dedicated qualification standards for AM are needed to guarantee an adequate quality of the printed parts [16,17] and their representation in 2D drawings [18]. In a recent work, The Economist claims that the value of AM products will no longer be in the physical item, but in its design [19].…”