Proposal of a new, fast, cheap, and easy method using DLLME for extraction and preconcentration of diazepam and its transformation products generated by a solar photo-Fenton process

Benzodiazepines in complex biological matrices: Recent updates on pretreatment and detection methods

“…LPME overcomes deficiencies of traditional LLE by using micro- or nano-quantities of organic solvents for extraction, achieved through device and process miniaturization. LPME used for BDZs include single-drop microextraction (SDME), hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), etc., as shown in Table S1 [ 36 , 48 , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] , [78] , [79] ].…”

“…Wielens Becker et al. [ 66 ] compared the cost of extracting diazepam from environmental water by DLLME and SPE, and a lower cost of DLLME (0.43 USD) was achieved compared with SPE (13.44 USD).…”

In silico environmental risk assessment of fate and effects of pharmaceuticals and their TPs generated and treated by coupling tertiary processes in hospital wastewater

“…14,15 Studies have been published with proposals for new TPs found during different Advanced Oxidation treatments, supported by these robust tools. 16,17 However, it is very difficult to evaluate the toxicities of the TPs in vitro due to the lack of analytical standards and, often, the presence of “mixtures” of TPs. 18 After an advanced treatment process, an ecotoxicity assessment of a mixture may indicate that the final mixture is less toxic than the initial mixture, giving a general indication of decreased effluent toxicity.…”

“…21 These in silico models offer easy applicability for the prediction of only one endpoint, such as biodegradability, 22 or a range of endpoints, such as toxicity towards different organisms, physicochemical parameters, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity. 16,23–25 The main advantages of (Q)SAR models are that these tools do not require lengthy experiments or tests employing animals, plants, or other living organisms. In the case of TPs from AOPs, (Q)SAR tools have excellent potential to be used routinely, especially in laboratories with little infrastructure for ecotoxicity and molecular biology studies.…”