Proposal for a New Lod and Multi-Representation Concept for Citygml

Löwner, Marc-Oliver; Gröger, Gerhard; Benner, Joachim; Biljecki, Filip; Nagel, Claus

doi:10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-2-w1-3-2016

Cited by 55 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…figure 2 and explained in detail in the following subsections. Löwner et al (2016) propose a new LoD concept representing all city features in just four levels of detail. Following this idea, it is proposed to model street space objects of the 'Transportation Model' in LoD0-LoD3.…”

Section: Data Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citygml and the Streets of New York - A Proposal for Detailed Street Space Modelling

Beil

Kolbe

2017

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Three-dimensional semantic city models are increasingly used for the analysis of large urban areas. Until now the focus has mostly been on buildings. Nonetheless many applications could also benefit from detailed models of public street space for further analysis. However, there are only few guidelines for representing roads within city models. Therefore, related standards dealing with street modelling are examined and discussed. Nearly all street representations are based on linear abstractions. However, there are many use cases that require or would benefit from the detailed geometrical and semantic representation of street space. A variety of potential applications for detailed street space models are presented. Subsequently, based on related standards as well as on user requirements, a concept for a CityGML-compliant representation of street space in multiple levels of detail is developed. In the course of this process, the CityGML Transportation model of the currently valid OGC standard CityGML2.0 is examined to discover possibilities for further developments. Moreover, a number of improvements are presented. Finally, based on open data sources, the proposed concept is implemented within a semantic 3D city model of New York City generating a detailed 3D street space model for the entire city. As a result, 11 thematic classes, such as roadbeds, sidewalks or traffic islands are generated and enriched with a large number of thematic attributes.

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Section: Data Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citygml and the Streets of New York - A Proposal for Detailed Street Space Modelling

Beil

Kolbe

2017

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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“…It will even be possible to model the outside shell of a building in LOD1, while representing the interior structure in LOD2 or 3. Details on the changes to the CityGML LOD concept are provided in Löwner et al (2016).…”

Section: The Citygml 30 Lod Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

CityGML 3.0: New Functions Open Up New Applications

Kutzner

Chaturvedi

Kolbe

2020

PFG

128

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The development of the next major version 3.0 of the international OGC standard CityGML is nearing its end. CityGML 3.0 will come up with a variety of new features and revisions of existing modules that will increase the usability of CityGML for more user groups and areas of application. This includes a new space concept, a revised level-of-detail (LOD) concept, the representation of time-dependent properties, the possibility to manage multiple versions of cities, the representation of city objects by point clouds, an improved modelling of constructions, the representation of building units and storeys, an improved representation of traffic infrastructure as well as a clear separation of the conceptual model and the data encodings that allow for providing further encoding specifications besides GML. This paper gives an overview of these new and revised concepts, and illustrates their application through selected use cases. KeywordsCityGML 3.0 · 3D city models · Space concept Zusammenfassung CityGML 3.0: Neue Funktionen eröffnen neue Anwendungen. Die Entwicklung der nächsten Hauptversion 3.0 des internationalen OGC-Standards CityGML nähert sich dem Ende. CityGML 3.0 wird mit einer Vielzahl an neuen Funktionen und der Überarbeitung bestehender Module aufwarten, die die Benutzerfreundlichkeit von CityGML für weitere Benutzergruppen und Anwendungsbereiche verbessern. Dazu gehören ein neues Space-Konzept, ein überarbeitetes Level-of-Detail (LOD)-Konzept, die Darstellung von zeitabhängigen Eigenschaften, die Möglichkeit, mehrere Versionen von Stadtmodellen gleichzeitig zu verwalten, die Darstellung von Stadtobjekten durch Punktwolken, eine verbesserte Modellierung von sonstigen Bauwerken, die Darstellung von Gebäudeeinheiten und Etagen, eine verbesserte Darstellung der Verkehrsinfrastruktur sowie eine klare Trennung des konzeptuellen Modells von der Datenhaltung, die es erlaubt, neben GML weitere Datenformate bereitzustellen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die neuen und überarbeiteten Konzepte und veranschaulicht ihre Anwendung anhand ausgewählter Beispiele.

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“…• The LoD4 of CityGML, which was mostly designed to represent the interior of buildings (including details and furniture), is not implemented. The main reason is that this concept will be revamped completely in the next CityGML version [Löwner et al, 2016], and currently there are virtually no datasets having LoD4 buildings.…”

Section: Citygml Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

CityJSON: a compact and easy-to-use encoding of the CityGML data model

Ledoux

Ohori

Kumar

et al. 2019

Open geospatial data, softw. stand.

119

101

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Full details of the project: https://cityjson.orgThe international standard CityGML is both a data model and an exchange format to store digital 3D models of cities. While the data model is used by several cities, companies, and governments, in this paper we argue that its XML-based exchange format has several drawbacks. These drawbacks mean that it is difficult for developers to implement parsers for CityGML, and that practitioners have, as a consequence, to convert their data to other formats if they want to exchange them with others. We present CityJSON, a new JSON-based exchange format for the CityGML data model (version 2.0.0). CityJSON was designed with programmers in mind, so that software and APIs supporting it can be quickly built. It was also designed to be compact (a compression factor of around six with real-world datasets), and to be friendly for web and mobile development. We argue that it is considerably easier to use than the CityGML format, both for reading and for creating datasets. We discuss in this paper the main features of CityJSON, briefly present the different software packages to parse/view/edit/create files (including one to automatically convert between the JSON and GML encodings), analyse how real-world datasets compare to those of CityGML, and we also introduce Extensions, which allow us to extend the core data model in a documented manner.

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Proposal for a New Lod and Multi-Representation Concept for Citygml

Cited by 55 publications

References 19 publications

Citygml and the Streets of New York - A Proposal for Detailed Street Space Modelling

Citygml and the Streets of New York - A Proposal for Detailed Street Space Modelling

CityGML 3.0: New Functions Open Up New Applications

CityJSON: a compact and easy-to-use encoding of the CityGML data model

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