“…Furthermore, some communication systems have adopted optical packet signals such as the PON (passive optical network) [16,17,18,19], and various research and development projects have been implemented in these, including optical packet transmitters and receivers for burst mode [20,21], longer distance [22] and dual rate [23] transmission systems and collision avoidance technology [24]. In addition, we recently proposed an optical packet-based in-vehicle network, which we call SiPhON (Silicon Photonics-based in-vehicle Optical Network) [25,26,27,28], to realize highly automated driving, in which 10/25-Gbps optical packets are transmitted between optical nodes in a car.…”