Proportion of vitamin D deficiency in children/adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: The impact of vitamin D on type 1 diabetes has been a controversial topic in public health. Furthermore, significant differences in the proportion of vitamin D have been noted. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the overall proportion of vitamin D deficiency in children/adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: Based on six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Ovid Medline, ProQuest, and Cochrane Library), eligible studies since the databases’ inception up to April 2022 were searched. Reference lists were also manually searched to identify additional studies. Overall, studies with statistical information on vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents with T1D were included, and a random effects model was applied for the meta-analysis. In addition, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were carried out to evaluate heterogeneity, and publication bias was evaluated by using Egger’s test. Results: A total of 45 studies involving 6,995 participants were selected for the meta-analysis. The proportion of vitamin D deficiency in children/adolescents with T1D was found to be 45% (95% confidence interval [CI] 37-54%, I2 = 97.94%). Subgroup analysis further showed that the publication year, study design, classification of vitamin D, different seasons and geographical region could significantly contribute to variations in the reported proportion of vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions: This systematic review analyzed the available literature and revealed that the proportion of vitamin D deficiency among T1D children/adolescents was 45%. In addition, the proportion remains higher, which has important implications for adapting health and social care systems.

Does vitamin D supplementation benefit patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus who are vitamin D deficient? A study was performed at the Sudan Childhood Diabetes Center from 2019 to 2022

“…A global perspective provided by a comprehensive meta-analysis showed that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in children and/or adolescents with T1DM. 20 This finding is consistent with the prevalence reported in our study (27%). This percentage is also comparable to the 20% reported by Al Senani et al 21 and the 14.8% reported by Giri et al 22 However, it was lower than the prevalence reported in studies conducted in Egypt (53.3%) 23 and India (63%).…”

“…The outcome contrast observed in relation to studies conducted on vitamin D deficiency among T1DM children and adolescent subjects in regard to the status of serum vitamin D can be explained by the variation in the intervention doses and duration. This may also be related to the variation in study design and sample size, which was evident in Yang et al, 20 who reported that the proportion of patients with vitamin D deficiency in a case-control study tended to be greater than that in other studies, which contributed to the variation in the results after vitamin D supplementation.…”

The efficacy of statins for improving cognitive impairments in pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1): a meta-analysis

“…This investigation strictly aligns with the PRISMA statement, with pre-registration on the PROSPERO platform (#CRD: 42022369072) ( 28 , 29 ).…”