Propiconazole Toxicity on the Non-Target Organism, the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus, Glomus irregulare

Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in root mineral uptake under CaCO3 stress

“…Thus, mycorrhizal colonization remained possible in the presence of high concentrations of CaCO 3 in the medium. A negative effect on AM formation has been reported previously for several other abiotic stresses like salinity (Ruiz-Lozano and Azcón 2000; Kaya et al 2009), pollution (Debiane et al 2009) and fungicides (Calonne et al 2010), but no data are available concerning the impact of CaCO 3 . Decreases in AM development could be due to the inhibition of spore germination (Hirrel 1981) and extraradical hypha growth (McMillen et al 1998) as well as to the reduction of arbuscule numbers (Pfeiffer and Bloss 1988).…”

Carbon Investment Required for the Mobilization of Inorganic and Organic Phosphorus Bound to Goethite by an Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (Solanum lycopersicum x Rhizophagus irregularis)

“…Identification of the fatty acids was achieved by use of the relative retention times, in comparison to that of the internal standard using the GC ChemStation (B.03.02.341) software (Agilent Technologies Ireland Ltd., Cork, Ireland). The AMF R. irregularis DAOM 197198 model organism (Daubois et al, 2016) has a fatty acid composition ranging from C16:0 to C22:2 with 16:1ω5 as major fatty acid (Aarle and Olsson, 2003;Calonne et al, 2010;Wewer et al, 2014). The PLFA 16:1ω5c can be used for evaluating the amount of extraradical mycelia of AMF, making it a good predictor for the amount of C allocated to AMF (Olsson and Johansen, 2000;Aarle and Olsson, 2003;Marschner, 2007).…”

Lipid content disturbance in the arbuscular mycorrhizal, Glomus irregulare grown in monoxenic conditions under PAHs pollution

“…Indeed, in vitro cultures therefore seem more appropriate tools to monitor the impact of pollutant and their toxicity mechanisms on AMF (Wan et al 1998). Recently, monoxenic cultures, established in bi-compartmental Petri dishes, have been used to demonstrate that fungicides affect the development of the AMF G. intraradices, by influencing the main stages of its life cycle (spore germination, hyphal elongation, root colonization, extraradical hyphae growth and spore production) (Zocco et al 2008;Campagnac et al 2009;Calonne et al 2010).…”