Prophylactic low-dose heparin by jet injection.

Abstract

graphic deterioration, in the patient and others affected by aerosols of contaminated water in other factories2 3 no radiographic changes were evident after several years' exposure, and no functional abnormalities persisted when away from work. Furthermore, the symptoms were prominent in the early part of the week, improving while continuing at work, but recurring on return to work after an absence. This pattern is similar to the "Monday fever" of byssinosis, but differs so far as we know in the site of reaction, being predominantly bronchial in byssinosis and peripheral in "humidifier fever." The source of the antigens was identified in this case but the precise causal agent was not, and it may, as Edwards suggested, be derived from free-living amoebae.4 Awareness of this unusual pattern of reaction should allow earlier identification of its cause, although confirmation may be obtained only by systematic observations at work or by inhalation testing.

Assessment of the biological performance of the needle-free injector INJEX using the isolated porcine forelimb

“…The histological findings demonstrated that the subcutaneous deposition of ink after application with the INJEX or with the needle was very similar. It was shown in human trials that injection of heparin with gas‐driven needle‐free injectors resulted in the maximal accumulation of the drug in the blood 3–4 h after injection, 22,23 which is comparable to the results from the present study using the porcine forelimb. Thus, it can be assumed that subcutaneous administration of a medication with the needle‐free INJEX system results in similar release from the deposition and resorption into the circulation compared with conventional needle administration.…”

Technologies to Improve Immunization

“…150,151 Jet injectors have also been used for a wide variety of therapeutic drugs. [152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171] In recent years, the devices have been used to administer antigens to humans and animal models for a variety of investigational vaccines, including dengue, [172][173][174][175] herpes simplex type 2, 176 HIV/AIDS, [177][178][179] Japanese encephalitis, 180 malaria, 181 and melanoma. 182 A wide variety of investigational recombinant nucleic acid vaccines are being delivered in preclinical and clinical trials using various jet injectors.…”

Virus Transmission by Subcutaneous Jet Injection

“…However, subcutaneous jet injections might have a higher risk of contamination, because of the direct contact between skin and nozzle. Mass jet injection has been used for subcutaneous injection of low doses of heparin, because this method is much cheaper and less time consuming than using a syringe and needle and not painful for the patient (Black et al, 1978: Held et al, 1981Harenberg et al, 1982). The rise of LDH activity in 16 mice after subcutaneous jet injection suggests a high risk of virus transmission.…”