Prophylactic administration of Withania somnifera extract increases host resistance in Listeria monocytogenes infected mice

Immunohematopoietic modulation by oral β-1,3-glucan in mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes

“…INF-γ orchestrates leukocyte attraction and directs growth, maturation, and differentiation of many cell types, in addition to enhancing natural killer cell activity and regulating B cell functions [47][48][49][50][51]. Our results corroborate previous findings showing that Listeria infection enhances the levels of INF-γ in the supernatant of splenocyte cultures at 48 h after bacteria inoculation in BALB/c mice [36]. The treatment with 150 and 300 mg/kg, but not with 50 mg/kg, of Imunoglucan® further increased the levels of this cytokine in relation to infection alone.…”

“…Consistent with our previous results [34][35][36] the number of bone marrow CFU-GM was significantly reduced in infected mice (P b 0.05) after 48 h of bacterial inoculation. As can be seen in Fig.…”

“…Several works have demonstrated that in listeriosis the ability of bone marrow to produce and mobilize granulocytes and macrophages to the site of infection is an essential component of the host defense during the early inflammatory response and consequently survival [17][18][19][20]37]. Studies from our laboratory have defined listeriosis as a useful experimental model to study the influence of various natural compounds and toxicants in the many components of the host immune responses involved in defense against L. monocytogenes, with special emphasis on the ability of hematopoietic tissues to produce and mobilize phagocytes [34][35][36]38,39]. It has been well demonstrated in the literature that during the early phase of Listeria infection there is a decrease in the number of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) in the bone marrow and a massive migration to the spleen, leading to an extramedullar hematopoiesis with consequently splenomegaly and an increase in serum CSFs activity [24,36,38,39].…”

Extramedular Hematopoiesis in the Spleen of Obese Mice Modulation by the Alga Chlorella

“…This involves pathophysiologic alterations in the stem cells and their microenvironment, enveloping extracellular matrix and stromal cells, in addition to local and systemic chemokine production [6]. Of importance here are our previous studies showing the relevance of the restoration of both the myelosuppression and the increased splenic EMH for recovering the homeostatic balance in the immunocompromised host, as observed during chronic inflammatory states such as infection and tumors [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Effect ofWithania somniferaExtracts on Some Selective Biochemical, Hematological, and Immunological Parameters in Guinea Pigs Experimental Infected withE. coli

“…Withanolides are the major active constituents of Withania somnifera that are isolated from its root and leaves. Recently, the plant was investigated to be effective against treatment of some bacterial infection and tested for serious antibacterial properties [6–8]. Besides its, uses as antibacterial product several reports have demonstrated immunomodulator and tumor activity of this extract [9–11].…”