Prophenoloxidase binds to the surface of hemocytes and is involved in hemocyte melanization in Manduca sexta

Ling, Erjun; Yu, Xiao‐Qiang

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2005.08.007

Cited by 93 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The PO is found in the immunocompetent cells of insects, haemocytes. PO catalyses the melanization of haemocytes attached to the surface of a parasite 33 .…”

Section: The Effect Of Nitric Oxide On Melanization Process In Haemocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual effect of nitric oxide on phenoloxidase-mediated melanization

Sanzhaeva

Vorontsova

Glazachev

et al. 2015

Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry

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The study has demonstrated a dual effect of nitric oxide on phenoloxidase (PO)-mediated DOPA oxidation and melanization process. NO generated at low rates proportionally increased in PO-mediated DOPA oxidation. Competitive PO inhibitor, phenylthiourea, resulted in significant inhibition of NO-mediated DOPA oxidation. Further analysis using fluorescent and EPR methods demonstrated that the effect of NO on DOPA oxidation is explained by oxidation of NO to NO 2 at the active site of PO followed by oxidation of DOPA by NO 2 . On the contrary, the bolus addition of NO gas solution resulted in a significant decrease in observed PO activity. Similar dose-dependent effect of NO was observed for the insect's haemocytes quantified as percentage of melanized cells after treatment with nitric oxide. In conclusion, the results of the study suggest that NO may have a significant regulatory role on melanization process in invertebrates as well as in human and result in protective or damaging effects.

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“…The PO is found in the immunocompetent cells of insects, haemocytes. PO catalyses the melanization of haemocytes attached to the surface of a parasite 33 .…”

Section: The Effect Of Nitric Oxide On Melanization Process In Haemocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual effect of nitric oxide on phenoloxidase-mediated melanization

Sanzhaeva

Vorontsova

Glazachev

et al. 2015

Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry

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“…Mutations in pale (encoding Tyrosine Hydroxylase) and Dopa-decarboxylase affect pigmentation and the melanic immune response [59,62,70,71]; and genes encoding phenoloxidases polymerize dopa and dopamine into melanins during pigmentation development as well as wound healing and encapsulation [69,[72][73][74][75]. Despite the production of similar pigments, melaniza-tion that occurs as part of the immune response and melanization that is used for body pigmentation, does not require all of the same genes.…”

Section: Pigmentation and Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evolution of insect pigmentation: Genetic mechanisms and the potential consequences of pleiotropy

Wittkopp

Beldade

2009

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

291

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a b s t r a c tInsect pigmentation is a premier model system in evolutionary and developmental biology. It has been at the heart of classical studies as well as recent breakthroughs. In insects, pigments are produced by epidermal cells through a developmental process that includes pigment patterning and synthesis. Many aspects of this process also impact other phenotypes, including behavior and immunity. This review discusses recent work on the development and evolution of insect pigmentation, with a focus on pleiotropy and its effects on color pattern diversification.

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“…The melanization reactions in insect hemocytes occur through a series of enzymatic pathways, which involves the production of quinones and free radicals (Ratcliffe et al 1991;Ling and Yu 2005). Due to this problem, it is well recognized that insect hemocytes are difficult to grow in vitro without using anti-oxidants and melanization inhibitors (Lynn 2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of primary cell cultures using hemocytes and phagocytic tissue cells of Locusta migratoria: an application for locust immunity studies

Duressa

Huybrechts

2015

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Animal

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Insect cell cultures played central roles in unraveling many insect physiological and immunological processes. Regardless, despite imminent needs, insect cell lines were developed primarily from Dipteran and Lepidopteran orders, leaving many important insects such as Orthopteran locusts under-represented. Besides the lack of cell lines, the slow progress in development of in vitro techniques is attributed to poor communications between different laboratories regarding optimized primary cell cultures. Therefore, we report here about methods developed for primary cell culture of Locusta migratoria hemocyte and phagocytic tissue cells by which we could maintain viable hemocytes in vitro for over 5 d and phagocytic tissue cells for over 12 d. 2-Mercaptoethanol and phenyl-thiourea supplements in Grace's medium together with addition of fetal bovine serum 30 min after cell seeding resulted in a successful setup of the primary cell cultures and a week-long survival of the hemocytes and phagocytic tissue cells in vitro.

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Prophenoloxidase binds to the surface of hemocytes and is involved in hemocyte melanization in Manduca sexta

Cited by 93 publications

References 30 publications

Dual effect of nitric oxide on phenoloxidase-mediated melanization

Dual effect of nitric oxide on phenoloxidase-mediated melanization

Development and evolution of insect pigmentation: Genetic mechanisms and the potential consequences of pleiotropy

Development of primary cell cultures using hemocytes and phagocytic tissue cells of Locusta migratoria: an application for locust immunity studies

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