Dual effect of nitric oxide on phenoloxidase-mediated melanization

Sanzhaeva, Urikhan; Vorontsova, Yana; Glazachev, Yuriy I.; Slepneva, Irina A.

doi:10.3109/14756366.2015.1088843

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…These results are in concordance with previous data demonstrating that adding L-arginine to the food of D. melanogaster increases the ability of larvae to encapsulate the eggs of the parasitoid Asobara tabida [164]. In addition, Sanzhaeba et al [165] demonstrate a dual effect of NO on the PO-mediated DOPA oxidation process of the melanogénesis process. A dual dose-dependent effect of NO on melanin generation is also demonstrated for isolated hemocytes of Galleria mellonella larvae [166].…”

Section: Varroa-dwv Within the Context Of Innate Immune Responsessupporting

confidence: 92%

Towards Precision Nutrition: A Novel Concept Linking Phytochemicals, Immune Response and Honey Bee Health

Negri

Villalobos

Szawarski

et al. 2019

Insects

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The high annual losses of managed honey bees (Apis mellifera) has attracted intensive attention, and scientists have dedicated much effort trying to identify the stresses affecting bees. There are, however, no simple answers; rather, research suggests multifactorial effects. Several works have been reported highlighting the relationship between bees’ immunosuppression and the effects of malnutrition, parasites, pathogens, agrochemical and beekeeping pesticides exposure, forage dearth and cold stress. Here we analyze a possible connection between immunity-related signaling pathways that could be involved in the response to the stress resulted from Varroa-virus association and cold stress during winter. The analysis was made understanding the honey bee as a superorganism, where individuals are integrated and interacting within the colony, going from social to individual immune responses. We propose the term “Precision Nutrition” as a way to think and study bees’ nutrition in the search for key molecules which would be able to strengthen colonies’ responses to any or all of those stresses combined.

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Section: Varroa-dwv Within the Context Of Innate Immune Responsessupporting

confidence: 92%

Towards Precision Nutrition: A Novel Concept Linking Phytochemicals, Immune Response and Honey Bee Health

Negri

Villalobos

Szawarski

et al. 2019

Insects

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“…During melanization reactions, soluble pattern recognition proteins promote the recognition of nonself objects associated with invading microbes (Matskevich et al, ; Wang et al, ; Stokes et al, ), which triggers sequential activation of a series of serine proteases and leads to the activation of the prophenoloxidase‐activating enzyme into its active form (In‐Kwon et al, ; Tokura et al, ). Afterwards, inactive prophenoloxidase (Pro‐PO) is activated into PO (An et al, ; Zhen et al, ; An et al, ; Lu et al, ), which participates in the melanization process as a catalyst (Christensen et al, ; Nappi et al, ; Hillyer, ; Sanzhaeva et al, ). A schematic of the pathway associated with the silkworm melanization mechanism is provided based on existing reports (Fig.…”

Section: Ampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress on the immune mechanism of the silkworm Bombyx mori

et al. 2018

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The silkworm Bombyx mori L., representing an important economic insect and one of the best models for studying insect immunity, possesses an efficient and sophisticated innate immune system against invasive microorganisms. The innate immune system basically includes humoural immunity and cellular immunity. The humoural immunity, which functions via molecules including humoural factors, lysozymes, phenoloxidase, hemolin, lectins and, in particular, antimicrobial peptides, plays a central role in eliminating the invading pathogens. The cellular immunity is primarily carried out and mediated by plasmatocytes and granular cells of haemocytes in the haemolymph, usually followed by melanization. Additionally, apoptosis, a primary viral defence for insects lacking adaptive immunity, comprises an important part of the silkworm immune system. Currently, there is still the lack of a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the molecular mechanisms of silkworm immunity. We review the latest research progress on silkworm immune mechanisms, including phenoloxidase‐dependent melanization and apoptosis, which is conducive to improving our understanding of the silkworm immune mechanism, clarifying the relationship of various immune mechanisms, and also providing a theoretical basis and reference for the future research of insect immunity.

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“…Such a general immune depressive effect of astaxanthin may rely on the interaction of the pigment with the availability or production of nitric oxide (NO), which has been evidenced to be a major regulator of the insect immune response. Indeed, NO has been found to stimulate both cellular and humoral immunity of insects 46 – 49 , and astaxanthin may affect the availability of NO in two ways. First, astaxanthin was reported to inhibit the activity of the nitric oxide synthase, the enzyme responsible of NO production from L-arginin 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dietary carotenoid reduces immunopathology and enhances longevity through an immune depressive effect in an insect model

Dhinaut

Balourdet

Teixeira

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Immunopathology corresponds to self-damage of the inflammatory response, resulting from oxidizing molecules produced when the immune system is activated. Immunopathology often contributes to age-related diseases and is believed to accelerate ageing. Prevention of immunopathology relies on endogenous antioxidant enzymes and the consumption of dietary antioxidants, including carotenoids such as astaxanthin. Astaxanthin currently raises considerable interest as a powerful antioxidant and for its potential in alleviating age-related diseases. Current in vitro and short-term in vivo studies provide promising results about immune-stimulating and antioxidant properties of astaxanthin. However, to what extent dietary supplementation with astaxanthin can prevent long-term adverse effects of immunopathology on longevity is unknown so far. Here, using the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, as biological model we tested the effect of lifetime dietary supplementation with astaxanthin on longevity when exposed to early life inflammation. While supplementation with astaxanthin was found to lessen immunopathology cost on larval survival and insect longevity, it was also found to reduce immunity, growth rate and the survival of non immune-challenged larvae. This study therefore reveals that astaxanthin prevents immunopathology through an immune depressive effect and can have adverse consequences on growth.

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Dual effect of nitric oxide on phenoloxidase-mediated melanization

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Towards Precision Nutrition: A Novel Concept Linking Phytochemicals, Immune Response and Honey Bee Health

Towards Precision Nutrition: A Novel Concept Linking Phytochemicals, Immune Response and Honey Bee Health

Research progress on the immune mechanism of the silkworm Bombyx mori

A dietary carotenoid reduces immunopathology and enhances longevity through an immune depressive effect in an insect model

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