Property of intrinsic flame retardant epoxy resin cured by functional magnesium organic composite salt and diethylenetriamine

Gao, Chengyong; Wang, Lei; Lei, Ziqiang; Li, Yang; Xu, Xiaohuan; Guo, Xing

doi:10.1002/fam.2377

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The UL 94 rating decreased to V‐1 and no rating when average curing temperature increased and, furthermore, without MI. Such an improvement was very remarkable in comparison with results reported in the literature, as shown in Figure . The increased effectiveness of EBM–LT with the addition of MI and the further effectiveness at a lower curing temperature were evidenced by the LOI increment value of 10.3 and the UL 94 V‐0 rating, which exceeded most reported composites.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Intrinsic flame‐retardant epoxy resin composites with benzoxazine: Effect of a catalyst and a low curing temperature

Chen

Song

Wang

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Three kinds of inherent flame‐retardant epoxy resin (EP) composites with 20 wt % benzoxazine (BOZ) were prepared with different curing processes with 2‐methyl‐1H‐imidazole (MI) as a catalyst or/and changes in the curing temperature. The effects of the curing process on the flame retardancy, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and curing behaviors were investigated. The composite with added MI cured at low temperature (EBM–LT) had the best properties. It possessed a 35.3% limiting oxygen index and achieved a UL 94 V‐0 rating. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that EBM–LT had the best thermal stability among the three kinds of EP composites with BOZ. The EP composites with BOZ mainly displayed a condensed‐phase flame‐retardant mechanism. The mechanical properties improvement was attributed to the formation of a heterogeneous network. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated that MI reacted with EP and catalyzed the homopolymerization of BOZ, and EP reacted with BOZ. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that curing at lower temperature caused the formation of more homopolymers of BOZ. The relationship of the curing process, network structure, and properties of EP composites with BOZ was established; this could help with the design of high‐performance EP composites with BOZ. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47847.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Intrinsic flame‐retardant epoxy resin composites with benzoxazine: Effect of a catalyst and a low curing temperature

Chen

Song

Wang

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…At temperatures as high as 800 °C, the residual weight percentage is still above 60%. The results demonstrate that FCINs have higher stability . The difference in the residual weight at 800 °C between pristine MO‐MA and the MOs shows that the relative amount of MOs present in the FCINs is approximately 79%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The THR of EP‐8 was significantly reduced by 46.4% compared with that of EP‐0, and a slight decrease in the THR of EP‐8‐1 and EP‐8‐2 could be ascribed to the thin and fragile MO layers that were cracked . Based on the HRR curves, the fire growth rate (FGR) was calculated to assess the fire hazard of the composite according to the following equation:

F G R = \frac{P H R R}{t_{P H R R}}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a novel, multifunctional inorganic curing agent and its effect on the flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of intrinsically flame retardant epoxy resin

Guo

Wang

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Traditional curing agents have only a single property, while traditional synthetic organic flame-retardant hardeners often show poor tolerance to oxidants, strongly acidic or alkaline reagents, and organic solvents and have toxicity problems. Here, a novel and multifunctional flame-retardant curing agent of the inorganic substrate multifunctional curing agent of the inorganic substrate (FCIN) was proposed first and successfully prepared, and then an intrinsically flame-retardant epoxy resin (EP) was prepared by covalently incorporating FCIN nanoparticles (FCINs) into the EP. The curing behavior of the FCINs was investigated, showing that FCIN/EP expresses a higher global activation energy than tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA)/EP and that the FCINs had strong interfacial adhesion to the EP matrix. Additionally, the FCINs were well dispersed and provided a remarkable improvement in mechanical and flame-retardant properties of the intrinsically flame-retardant EP. With the incorporation of 9 wt % FCINs into the EP, dramatic enhancements in the strength, modulus under bending, and toughness (36%, 109%, and 586%, respectively) were observed, along with 85.2%, 46.4%, 98.3%, and 77.26% decreases in the peak heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate peak, and total smoke production, respectively, with respect to that of TEPA/EP. The mechanisms of its flame-retardant, smoke-suppression, and failure behaviors were investigated. The development of this unconventional, multifunctional flame-retardant curing agent based on an inorganic substrate showed promise for enabling the preparation of a variety of new high-performance materials (such as intrinsically flame-retardant EP and functional modified polyesters). INTRODUCTIONEpoxy resin (EP), one of the most important thermosetting polymers, has been extensively applied in the fields of composite matrixes, surface coatings, semiconductor packaging, printed circuit boards, adhesives, various electrical devices, and so on, owing to its high heat, solvent, moisture, and chemical resistance and its low shrinkage, strong adhesion to many substrates, and outstanding mechanical stiffness. 1-5 Nevertheless, improving the flame-retardant properties of epoxy polymers still represents a challenge that greatly restricts their applications because they have inherently poor flame-retardant properties and high flammability. Therefore, improving the fire resistance of the EP and its composites is significant and imperative.Although halogen-containing chemicals are the most effective method for improving the flame-retardant properties of EP, they usually release toxic gases and corrosive smoke during combustion, which are detrimental to the environment and human health. 6-9 Therefore, it is very desirable to develop alternative flame retardants for EP. One effective approach for improving the flame-retardant behavior of EP without halogenated compounds adds phosphorus-and nitrogen-containing elements to the substrate or incorporates them into the structure of the materials. [10...

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“…These enhancements are mainly because of the high stiffness of ZIF‐8@PZN nanoparticles that inhibit the motion of molecular chains, resulting in the improved flexural strength and flexural modulus. And the amine groups of ZIF‐8@PZN increase the interface affinity with EP . Therefore, the enhancing of the mechanical properties of EP composites could be attributed to the improvement of interface interaction between EP and ZIF‐8@PZN by surface coating …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of ZIF‐8@Polyphosphazene core‐shell structure and its efficient synergism with ammonium polyphosphate in flame‐retarding epoxy resin

Zeng

Yang

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A novel zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) nanoparticles@polyphosphazene (PZN) core-shell architecture was synthesized, and then, ZIF-8@PZN and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were applied for increasing the flame retardancy and mechanical property of epoxy resin (EP) through a cooperative effect. Herein, ZIF-8 was used as the core; the shell of PZN was coated to ZIF-8 nanoparticles via a polycondensation method. The well-designed ZIF-8@PZN displayed superior fire retardancy and smoke suppression effect. The synthesized ZIF-8@PZN observably raised the flame retardancy of EP composites, which could be demonstrated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a cone calorimeter test (CCT). The chemical structure of ZIF-8@PZN was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Compared with pure epoxy, with the incorporation of 3 wt% ZIF-8@PZN and 18 wt% APP into the EP, along with 80.8%, 72.6%, and 64.7% decreased in the peak heat release rate (pHRR), the peak smoke production rate (pSPR), and the peak CO production rate (pCOPR), respectively. These suggested that ZIF-8@PZN and APP generated an intumescent char layer, and ZIF-8@PZN can strengthen the char layer, resulting in the enhancement in the flame resistance of EP. K E Y W O R D S epoxy resin, flame retardancy, mechanical properties, polyphosphazene, ZIF-8

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Property of intrinsic flame retardant epoxy resin cured by functional magnesium organic composite salt and diethylenetriamine

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Intrinsic flame‐retardant epoxy resin composites with benzoxazine: Effect of a catalyst and a low curing temperature

Intrinsic flame‐retardant epoxy resin composites with benzoxazine: Effect of a catalyst and a low curing temperature

Synthesis of a novel, multifunctional inorganic curing agent and its effect on the flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of intrinsically flame retardant epoxy resin

Fabrication of ZIF‐8@Polyphosphazene core‐shell structure and its efficient synergism with ammonium polyphosphate in flame‐retarding epoxy resin

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